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Integrative workshop WP 5 Chemosynthetic ecosystems Ghent University, Belgium 16-18 November 2011. Integration biodiversity data from microbiota to megafauna from different seeps along the European margins. http://users.ugent.be/~avreusel/. Research Questions.

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  1. Integrative workshop WP 5 Chemosynthetic ecosystems Ghent University, Belgium 16-18 November 2011 Integration biodiversity data from microbiota to megafauna from different seeps along the European margins http://users.ugent.be/~avreusel/

  2. Research Questions 1) What are major scales of turnover in biodiversity? Do we observe the largest turnover at micro (within habitats), meso(between habitats), macro (between seeps or MV's from the same region) or mega scale (between regions) for different taxa/size groups/functional groups (chemo vs non chemosynthetic species)? HH if it becomes apparent – also see Cordes paper. 2) What is alpha, beta and gamma diversity for the different regions, and can we identify regional hot spots of biodiversity? 3) What is the degree of connectivity between different seeps at different scales? Can we identify true endemics and cosmopolitan species/taxa? 4) What is relationship between biodiversity and seep intensity (or productivity)? Are the most productive sites, the least diverse? 5) HH 6) Island Theory

  3. Comparisons Comparison of size groups/ taxa (Comparison of taxonomic levels?) Comparison of regions (Comparison of habitats) or geological structures... Limitations of the dataset – sampling

  4. Scales Microscale: between replicates within habitat Mesoscale: between habitats within location Macroscale: between MVs in region (HMMV, Nyegga, Storegga) (A’dam, Napoli, Cheops, Central Pockmark... For EMed) (Pockmark, GoLion, Sicilia strait, MV in W-C Med) (7(6) GoC) see below Megascale: between regions (GoC, Emed, Wmed, Nordic) • HMMV: centre; white mats, grey mats, siboglinids, outer rim • Gulf of Cadiz : crater, flanks, reduced spots, different layers of hemipelagic on reduced sed • Marmara sea: reduced seds, bioturbated seds, carbonate crusts • East med : reduced seds, carbonate crusts, lammelibracha patch, Bivalve shells, rim sulfur bands, centre bacterial mats, • West, central med : Ridge-top, ridge-flank, clustered dome, isolated dome, dome with moats • Pockmark crater, outside pockmark

  5. Habitats (habitat grouping) • Reference sites (REF) • (Fully oxygenated) • Seep No visible fauna - Highly reduced/gas-enriched seep sediments (HRSS) – Defaunated SS? • Black spots • Microbial mats • Seep Visible fauna - Intermediately reduced(BIOTUR) – Faunated SS? (Increased faunal activity - Other seep sediments – includes both ends of seep activity) • Bioturbated • Vestimentiferans • Frenulates • Bathymodiolins • Vesicomyids • Bivalves • Craters (always some bio-activity) • Seep periphery (SP)(no increased faunal activity but still part of the overall seep structure) • Carbonate crusts (CC) • Add spatial factor to all these habitats which can then be lumped whilst retaining the information (centre seep, out of centre within seep structure, out of seep structure) • 2 columns with both classifications! • We will use the 5 main groups (no subdivisions – these are just used to group) to do the analyses

  6. Habitats (habitat grouping) • Reference sites (REF) • (Fully oxygenated) • Seep No visible fauna • Black spots • Microbial mats • Seep Visible fauna • Bioturbated • Vestimentiferans • Frenulates • Bathymodiolins • Vesicomyids • Bivalves • Craters (always some bio-activity) • Seep periphery (SP)(no increased faunal activity but still part of the overall seep structure) • Carbonate crusts (CC) • Add spatial factor to all these habitats which can then be lumped whilst retaining the information (centre seep, out of centre within seep structure, out of seep structure) • We will use the 5 main groups (no subdivisions – these are just used to group) to do the analyses

  7. Taxonomic groups and level • OTUs microbial (per standardised size of aliquots) • Polychaete families • Bivalve families • Nematode genera • Crustacean orders • Chemosynthetic taxa (species level) • “Chemo” or “non-chemo” should be added as a functional parameter in the databases • Symbionts (phylotypes) – different regions comparison, per host species • etc. (non-exclusive list) Database managers (EUROBIS/OBIS) can lump lower-level taxa in higher-level taxa Submit what you have!

  8. 1) What are major scales of turnover in biodiversity? Do we observe the largest turnover at micro (within habitats), meso (between habitats), macro (between seeps or MV's from the same region) or mega scale (between regions) for different taxa/size groups/functional groups (chemo vs non chemosynthetic species)? 2) What is alpha, beta and gamma diversity for the different regions, and can we identify regional hot spots of biodiversity? Agree on measures for turnover and graphical representation • BrayCurtis and Jaccard– (dis)Similarity indices • Accumulation curves • Variation partitioning (Veech & Crist 2007) • Color-coded matrix • BetaDisp/permdisp Agree on measures for alpha and graphical representation • Rarefraction (non-parametric, EstimateS) • RTS curves • -OTU counts for microbiota Agree on measures for gamma and graphical representation • Rarefraction (non-parametric) • RTS curves • -OTU counts for microbiota

  9. Research Question 3 • What is the degree of connectivity between different seeps at different scales? Can we identify true endemics and cosmopolitan species/taxa? • Venn diagram of the 3 regions • Network analysis (graphical)

  10. Research Question 4 What is relationship between biodiversity and seep intensity (or productivity)? Are the most productive sites, the least diverse? • Can we classify regions/seeps/habitats according to seep intensity (what’s coming up from the seafloor)? • Proxy for activity? • Classes of activity (or continuous scale)? • Index for seep intensity (high, intermediate, low) and one index for biogeochemical activity (O2, SuConsumption, Su) • 3 (4) spatial scales ((microscale – too heterogenic), mesoscale, macrosclae, megascale) • Activity data (standardised) exists per structure (rough measure to compare them) – use ranked index? • O2 and CH4 should be the main measures

  11. Counts Add sample surface or volume No qualitative data. All taxa are combined in the same matrix. Chemosynthetic taxa included Symbionts are added in a seperate matrix Qn data Descriptive name (cruise_fauna_area_yr) Add functional code (metadata) and description (data) – chemo/nonchemo/mixed Stations/microhabitats Subm data end 2011 End Feb 2012 – data exploration June 2012-analysis of data Autumn 2012 – first draft Sept 2012 (HERMIONE meeting) – presentation End May-Beginning June WS/Meeting in Paris BICS dropbox – Petra will invite us all

  12. Things to do today • Data management (examples?) discuss the template • Confirm research questions (incl 5 and 6?) • Symbiotic diversity (aspect of diversity) • Review Stats? (network analysis for connectivity, alpha, beta, gamma) • PIs for the analyses and the paper(s) • Microbiota MPI person with Kormas • Meiofauna Gent with HCMR and Ancona • Macrofauna Marina and Jozée • Deadlines (submission datasets (end 2011), data processing and analysis (spring 2012), draft papers (Summer 2012))

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