Grammar

1. Unit 4 Painting the world Grammar

2. Revision more than hear of stop doing sth. pay.. for… look for work as quarrel with as well 1. 超过 2. 听说 3. 停止做某事 4. 为…付款 5. 寻找 6.担当, 充当 7.和…吵架 8. 也

3. Modal verbs + have + past participle

4. Look and guess using “can’t,might/could,may,must” Who is the man? He can’t be Bill Gate. He may be Liu Xiang. ? might could He be Liu Xiang. He must be Wen Zhang. Oh, yes. He is Wen Zhang.

5. Revision 1. 肯定句中，表示对当前行为、状态、情况的推测用： must / may / might / could + do/be 否定句用can not, could not, may not, might not. 疑问句用can 猜测语气： must > may > might / could

6. 2. 表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测用：must / may / might / could + be doing The light is on. He must / may / might / could be studying. The light isn’t on. He can not / may not / might not / could not be studying. The light is on. Can he be studying now?

7. Practice What do you think the pig is doing? Hemust / may / might / could be doingmorning exercise.

8. Can they be playing now? Yes, theymust / may / might / could be playing now. No, theycan not / could not / may not / might not be playing now. Theymust be fighting now.

9. What do you think he is singing now? Hemust / may / might / could be singingONLY YOU now.

10. 3. 如何表示对过去发生事情的推测?

11. Few people may have even heard of Van Gogh. To talk about something that was possibly (not) true, we can use: may / might + (not) have + past participle may / might have done表示对过去行为的推测，可译为“可能已经”或“想必已经”。

12. 1. He said they may / might have missed the plane. 他说他们也许已经错过了那班飞机。 2. I think he may / might have got the news. 我想他可能已经知道那个消息了。

13. Van Gogh couldn't have painted this --- it’s too new. To talk about something that was impossible, we use: could not/cannot + have + past participle To talk about something that was possible, we use: could + have + past participle can / could have done是对过去发生事情或行为的推测，用于否定句和疑问句，could的语气比较委婉，意为“可能已经”。

14. 1. They can’t have gone to work, as it’s weekend. 他们不可能去工作了，因为是周末。 2. Somebody must have opened the cage. The lion couldn’t have escaped on its own. 一定是有人打开了笼子，狮子是不可能自己跑出来的。

15. Van Gogh worked in an art dealer's company, but he must have disliked it, because he left. To talk about something that we think certainly happened, we use: must + have + past participle must have done表示对过去发生事情或行为的推测，语气非常肯定，可译为“想必一定”或“准是”。该结构只用于肯定句。

16. 1.The ground is very wet. It must have rained last night. 地面很湿，昨天晚上一定下雨了。 2. You must have mistaken Anna for her sister. 你一定是把安娜当成她妹妹了。

17. must have done的反意疑问句有三种情况： ①若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去 时完成反意疑问句。 ②若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时 完成反意疑问句。

18. hasn’t he 1. He must have gone to Beijing, _________? 2. The ground is very wet. It must have rained last night, _________? didn’t it

19. A strange exhibition called Animal Art 1. Which animal do you think made these works of art? Write three sentences about each one. may have walked 1. A cat _________________(walk) on the paper. 2. A small dog _______________ (do) this. 3. An elephant ___________________( make) these marks. must have done could not have made

20. might have walked • A bird _________________(walk) on the paper. • A frog _________________ (jump) on the paper. • A snake _________________(make) theses marks. might have jumped could not have made

21. may have made • A dog ________________ (make) these marks. • A cat __________________ (do )this. • A spider ___________________ ( make) theses marks. might have done could not have made

22. A snail ________________ (crawl) these marks. • An elephant __________________ (touch ) the paper with its nose. • A panda ___________________ ( make) theses marks. must have crawled might have touched could not have made

23. may have jumped • A frog _________________(jump) on the paper. • A bird _________________(do )this. • A spider _________________( do) this. might have done could not have done

24. A monkey _________________(paint) these marks on the paper. • An elephant ________________(do )this with its nose. • A frog ___________________( make) theses marks. may have painted might have done could not have made

25. 2.Complete the following dialogues using a modal verb and a past participle. 1. Bill: This cake tastes a little too sweet. Bob: I'm sorry. I _____________________ ________________________. 2. June: I saw Jim yesterday at the football match. Alice: That . ___________. 3. Steve: Did you know that Thomas Edison created more than 1000 inventions? Brook: He . may/might have used too much sugar when I made it could not have been him. I saw him at work. mustn’t a genius

26. 4. Dave: I can't understand why our football team played so poorly yesterday! Eve: Well, they. ______________________. 5. Ruth: What was that sound? Justin: I think it . 6. Charles: I had bad dreams all night. Brett: You ________________________ _______________ may not have practiced enough before the game might have been thunder must have eaten some spicy food just before bed.

27. －I left my handbag on the train, but • luckily someone gave it to a railway • official. • － How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, • someone _____ it. (2011江苏) • A. will have stolen B. might have stolen • C. should have stolen D. must have stolen D

28. 2. He ____ have completed his work, otherwise he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. （2005北京） A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t B

29. 3. --- Could I have a word with you, mum? • --- Oh dear, if you ____.（2006浙江） • A. can B. must • C. may D. should B

30. 4. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ____ it differently. (2009年江苏卷) A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 【解析】句意为：他不后悔说了他做了什么，而认为他本能够用不同的方式表达。could express能够表达；would express要表达；could have expressed本来能够表达；must have expressed(表推测)肯定已经表达。 C

31. 5. It ______ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (2009年上海卷) A. may B. can C. must D. should 【解析】句意为：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。此句为强调句型，谓语动词为must have been，用must表示语气肯定的推测。must have done表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。 C

32. D 6. Jack described his father, who ______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong –willed man. （2010 安徽卷） A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 【解析】句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢” 。用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。

33. B 7. I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

34. 8. ---I didn’t take notes at yesterday’s meeting because I had left my pen at home. ---You _______ mine. I ______it. A. must have borrowed；wasn’t using B. may have borrowed；wasn’t using C. should have borrowed；hadn’t used D. could have borrowed；wasn’t using D

35. 9. --- Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party. --- He ______. He is a man of his word. A. could have left B. must have left C. can’t come D. won’t be coming 【解析】考查情态动词。根据“He is a man of his word”可知他是一个守信的人，因此推测他肯定已经启程了。 B

36. 10. Her English composition is much too perfect. She _____ it herself, I bet. A. might have written B. can’t have written C. can’t write D. must have written 【解析】考查情态动词。句意为：她的英语作文太好了。我打睹一定不是她写的。因为write是过去的动作，表示对过去事情的否定推测用can’t＋have done。 B

37. 11. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.    A. mustn’t have spoken    B. shouldn’t have spoken    C. needn’t  have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken D 【解析】表示“根本不可能”用can’t / couldn’t have done形式。

38. 12. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. A. could     B. would    C. must      D. need A 【解析】“could+have done”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。

39. Practice • --- What happened to the young trees we • planted? • --- The trees well, but I didn't water them. • A. might grow B. needn't have grown • C. would grow D. would have grown • 2. I was really anxious about you. You home • without a word. • A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left • C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave • 3. She the film. She knows nothing about it. • A. can't see B. can't have seen • C. must see D. mustn't have seen D B B

40. 4. They must have been here the day before yesterday, ? A. mustn't they B. didn't they C. mustn't have they D. had they 5. --- I can't get through to the general manager's office anyhow. --- The line is busy. Someone the telephone. A. must use B. uses C. must have been using D. must be using B D

41. 6. --- Do you think he will do me a favor? --- As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He ___ be prepared to give you a hand, though. A. might B. must C. can D. should 7. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ______ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would 8. Sorry, I’m late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D will A C A

42. 9. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 10. ---Did you listen to the report? ---No. We _____ the meeting, but we had a lot of traffic on our way there. A. must have attended B. shouldn’t have attended C. could attend D. could have attended A D