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WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT. DUAL EFFECT ON WOMEN & VIEWS OF WOMEN. Some promotion of women’s rights. Liberty & equality should apply to women as well as men. Laid foundations of modern feminism. Persistence of ideas of inferiority & subjugation.

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WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

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  1. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

  2. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT DUAL EFFECT ON WOMEN & VIEWS OF WOMEN • Some promotion of women’s rights • Liberty & equality should apply to women as well as men • Laid foundations of modern feminism • Persistence of ideas of inferiority & subjugation • Women mostly excluded from discussions of liberty & equality • Rise of ideology of domesticity

  3. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT BACKGROUND • Foundations of potential equality found in 17th century thinkers • Descartes: All women had ability to be educated • Locke: Women equally independent in state of nature

  4. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT THE PHILOSOPHES ON WOMEN • The positive views • Some blamed society for women’s inequality • Believed in women’s intellectual potential • MARQUIS DE CONDORCET: proclaimed women’s right to equal citizenship & education

  5. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT THE PHILOSOPHES ON WOMEN • The negative views • Promotion of old notions of women’s inferiority & weakness • Women continually linked with irrationality & emotion • Excluded from discussions of liberty, equality, reason, science

  6. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT THE PHILOSOPHES ON WOMEN • ROUSSEAU • Social contract included one between men & women • men protect women women serve men • Emile: articulation of idea of SEPARATE SPHERES • men = public women = private • glorified domesticity

  7. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT WOMEN OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT • Many women greatly affected by ideas of Enlightenment • Women influence Enlightenment as salonnieres& sponsors • Women began to demand greater role in intellectual life MADAME DE GEOFRIN

  8. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT WOMEN OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT • MARY ASTELL(1666-1731) • Challenged notion of separate spheres • Criticized failure to extend notions of liberty to women

  9. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT WOMEN OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT • MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1759-1797) • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman • advocated equality of sexes • formulated main doctrines of modern women’s movement • education was key to equality & independence

  10. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT WOMEN OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT • OYMPE DE GOUGES (1745-1793) • Declaration of the Rights of Woman • asserted women’s ability to reason & make moral decisions • women not same as men, but equal • women had right to free speech

  11. WOMEN AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT CONCLUSIONS • Did not result in advances for most women in 18th c. • Education extended, but became gender specific & women excluded from many fields • Economic setbacks due to rise of capitalism • Separation of public & private & ideology of domesticity largely restricted women • But gave birth to new feminist consciousness & advocacy of rights & opportunities for women

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