1 / 42

BLOOD

BLOOD. 一、 CONSTRUCTION. Plasma ( I.M. ) : 55% Hemocytes( cells ) ：45% erythrocytes leucocytes blood platelets * hematocrit(packed red cell volume, 红细胞压积 ): 45%. Plasma. Leucocytes & Platelets. Erythrocyte. * using anticoagulants. serum.

yael-perry
Download Presentation

BLOOD

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. BLOOD

  2. 一、CONSTRUCTION Plasma (I.M.) : 55% Hemocytes(cells)：45% erythrocytes leucocytes blood platelets * hematocrit(packed red cell volume,红细胞压积): 45% Plasma Leucocytes & Platelets Erythrocyte *using anticoagulants

  3. serum Blood clots components same as that of plasma but fibrinogen Serum 1. Plasma 90% water albumin 10% others : fibrinogen • plasma pr. enzymes Ig. etc. • Lipid • hormones • Vitamins • inorganic salts • metabolites

  4. blood smear stains • w/ Wright or Giemsa 瑞特氏染色（Wright’s stain） 、基姆萨染色（Giemsa ）等。 伊红 染液组成 O2 美蓝 天青 可显示: 嗜酸性结构 嗜碱性结构 中性结构 嗜天青结构

  5. blood smear Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets

  6. BLOOD CELLS Erythrocytes:4.2～5.5×1012/L(M) 3.5～5.0×1012/L(F) *Hb:120～150g/L(M)；105～135g/L(F) Leukocytes: 4～10×109/L neutrophils 50～70% Granulocytes eosinophils 0.5～3 % basophils 0～1% Agranulocytes lymphocytes 20～30% monocytes 3～8% Platelets: 100～300×109/L

  7. Erythrocyte • biconcave discs， 7.5～8.5μm，flexible • no nuclei，no organelles • rich in Hb：105～150g/L • blood group (ABO; Rh…):

  8. 扫描 电镜

  9. PLASMALEMMA 质膜 血影蛋白 SPECTRIN ACTIN FILAMENTS 肌动蛋白丝 RBC CYTOSKELETON

  10. CO2+HbO2 HbCO2+O2 Function Binding & transporting O2and CO2 In lungs In organs & tissues

  11. Pathology • Anemia：R.B.C < 3×1012/L or Hb< 100g/L megaloblastic anemia(巨细胞贫血) : >9 μm iron deficiency anemia: (缺铁性贫血)<6 μm • Osmotic stress abnormal: hypotonic(低滲): RBC swelling ＆hemolysis (remain ghost血影)； hypertonic (高滲): RBC collapsing

  12. Reticulocytes • 0.5～1.5% • containing ribosomes & Mit. (stained by brilliant cresyl blue) • increase in anemia • Indicator of hematopo- ietic capacity of the bone marrow.

  13. Leukocytes • Spherical, nucleate & colorless • Contain specific or nonspecific gralules • Amoeboid movement • Phagocytosis except for lymphocytes • Involved in defense against foreign materials

  14. Leukocytes: 4～10×109/L neutrophil 50 ～70% Granulocyte eosinophil 0.5～3 % basophil 0 ～1% Agranulocyte lymphocyte 20 ～30% monocyte 3 ～8%

  15. A. Neutrophils • D=10～12μm; • Nuclear: polymorphous 2～5 lobes increase w/ the age of the cells. • Specific Granules: 80%, fine (0.3～0.4μm ) neutrophilic (light reddish) • Azurophilic granules: 20%, larger, purple (嗜天青颗粒)

  16. E.M. • S.G.: medium-dense containing A.K.P, phagocytins lysozymes • A.G.: lysosomes containing A.C.P. peroxidase

  17. Function • Mobility(chemotaxis): Attracted by polymorpho- nuclear chemotactic factor (released by macrophages) • Phagocytose & destroy bacteria: the number of leukocytes↑ acute the % of neutrophils↑bacteria infection ** cell mark: peroxidase and CD15

  18. B.Eosinophilis • D = 10～15μm; • Nu.: 2 ～5 lobes • S.G.: uniformity, large (0.5～1.0μm ), bright red or orange (acidophilic)

  19. E.M. • S.G.:ovoid, w/ granule matrix & aelongated crystalloid core • Containing:acid phosphatase, peroxidase, histaminase.

  20. Function • Chemotaxis: attracted by chemotactic factor from the mast cells • Phagocytize: foreign bodies, Ag-Ab complex • Release histaminase: inactivate histamine for weakening allergic reaction • Antiparasite * It is increased in patients infected w/ allergic reaction or parasite

  21. C. Basophilics • D = 10 ～ 12μm • Nucleus: irregular or S-shaped • S.G.:large (various size), basophilic (dark blue), cover nuclear, distribute unevenly & metachromasia

  22. EM & FN • E.M.: S.G. w/ fine grains, containing heparin, histamine, leukotriene • F.N.: anticoagulate responsible to allergic reaction

  23. D. Monocytes • Largest, 14～20μm, bluish-grey staining • Nu.: kidney- or horseshoe-shaped w/ delicate net-like Chromatin • Cytoplasm: abundant, gray blue, w/fine azurophilicgranules

  24. E.M : A.G.: lysosomes (peroxidase, A.C.P., non-specific esterase); Phagocytic vacuoles F.N. : • amoeboid movement & obvious chemotaxis • Phagocytosis (mono- nuclear phagocytic system, MPS) • differentiate into macrophage (out B.V.) **mark: CD14

  25. E.Lymphocytes • 3 types: small 6～8μm; medium-sized 9～12μm; large 13～20μm • Small lymphocyte(90%): LM: Round or ovoid; Nu.:sphericity w/ indentation, condensed chromatin, dark staining. Cytoplasm:scanty, as a thin rim in light-blue w/ azurophilic granules lacking peroxidase

  26. Large lymphocyte medium lymphocyte small lymphocyte

  27. Classification & Function Classification* function# T-Cell: 75% cellular immunity B-Cell: 10-15% humoral immunity large granule lymphocyte (K & NK cell) * based on the source, characteristics on cellular membrane, life & function # immunological defence

  28. Blood platelets • Megakaryocyte’ s fragment, in clumps • LM: 2～4μm，disc-like or irregular, anucleated. Two regions: ① Granulomere: centrally- located, purple-blue granules. ② Hyalomere: peripherally located, in light-blue.

  29. E.M.: ① cell coat: rich in GAG & glycoproteins associated to platelet adhesion; ②M.T. system: a. opening tubule system: to increase the surface area for platelet adhesion. b. dense tubule system: sER , support, collect Ca 2+ and synthesize prostaglandin

  30. ③actin-like M.F: mobile. ④granules: a. αgranules(special granules): containing blood clotting factors (12 types found so far), fibrinogen & acidic hydrolases. b. dense granules:serotonin (5-HT), ADP, ATP, Ca2+ & adrenine

  31. Function 1.Hemostasia: collagenous fiber in injure area platelet release serotonin contraction of b.v. slow & stop bleeding. 2.Coagulation:thrombogen coagulation factor III thrombase Fibrinogen Fibrin hemocyte coagulation 3.Protect blood vessel endothelium, repairing endothelium, prevent atherosclerosis(动脉硬化)

  32. 二、Hematopoiesis • Hematopoietic organ yolk sac （early embryo) →Liver / spleen (6w—5m)→bone marrow (4m and after) • Structure of bone marrow red bone marrow: hematopoietic tissue + blood sinusoid yellow bone marrow: adipose tissue + immature hemocyte

  33. Red bone marrow • hematopoietic tissue: reticular c.t.+hemocytes in various stage, macrophages, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells • blood sinusoid: discontinuous endothelia, incomplete BM

  34. Hemopoietic stem cell (HSP) and Hemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) Hemopoietic stem cell self-replication powerful proliferation potency multi-differentiation Potency Mark:CD34, CDw90 Hemopoietic progenitor c. Unipotential or bipotential Produce mature blood c. Erythron granulocyte series monocyte series megakaryocyteseries * Lymphocytes derived from lymphatic organs & tissues

  35. Pb:原红 Be:早幼红 晚幼红 Pe:中幼红 Erythrocyte series

  36. Mb:原粒 Pm:早幼粒 Mb M,Ma,Mb:中幼粒 M1：晚幼粒 Neutrophilic series

  37. Morphologic criteria of haemopoiesis ① Stages: the original stage the infant stage the mature stage② Cell volume:↓, megakaryocytes:↑ ③ cytoplasm: ↑，ratio of Nu./ cytoplasm:↓

  38. ④ Nucleus: size↓(RBC: abesent; megakaryocytes↑） nucleoli: number & size↓, until disappear chromatin: fine & scanty → coarse & dense; staining: pale → deep ⑤ S.G in granulocytes & Hbin erythrocytes:↑ other organelles in red cell↓until disappear ⑥ mitotic ability:↓, until disappear（but lymphocyte)

  39. Question

  40. BYE BYE

More Related