Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon

1. Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon Dr. Nolen

2. Teaching objectives ◆ Get to know career in medicine in US ◆ Understand and appreciate the text ◆ Master basic vocabularies, phrases and grammatical points. ◆ Acquire the reading skill—reading for the implied meaning. ◆ Improve the pronunciation by listening and imitation

3. Teaching Procedures Part One: Warming-Up Questions Part Two: Background Information Part Three: FastReading Part Four: Detailed Study of the text Part Five: Summary and Assignments

4. Part one Warming-Up Questions ◆In your opinion, how can a person be successful? ( hard-working, lucky, opportunity, healthy, intelligent, self-confident… )

5. Part one Warming-Up Questions ◆As far as a doctor is concerned, what should be the most important factor for him to be successful?

6. Part Two Background Information Ⅰ. Three Types of Doctors ●General practitioners ●Specialists ●Researchers Ⅱ. Career in Medicine in US

7. Part Two Background Information Ⅰ. Three Types of Doctors General Practitioners全科医生 ◆ care for patients with all kinds of illness ◆a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness ◆ nice skills in the art of medical practice

8. Part Two Background Information Ⅰ. Three Types of Doctors Specialists 专科医生 ◆be engaged in certain field of medicine ◆special training and skill ◆dentist, pediatrican(儿科医生), physician (内科医生), surgeons (外科医生) or obstertrician (产科医生 )

9. Part Two Background Information Ⅰ. Three Types of Doctors Researchers医学研究者 ◆devotion to medical research ◆ teaching future physicians in medical schools ◆conducting research programs BACK

10. Part Two Background Information Ⅱ. Career in Medicine in US doctor four years of college chief resident four years of medical school a resident 住院医生 at a hospital an intern实习医生 in a hospital BACK

11. Part Three: Fast Reading Ⅰ. General idea of the text A. Skimming and scanning B. General idea of the text Ⅱ. Structure of the text

12. Part Three: Fast Reading A. Skimming and Scanning Ⅰ. General idea of the text B. Main idea of the text Dr. Nolen, a well-known American surgeon, reveals to us in this article that he, as a doctor, had gone a long way before he became a surgeon. Then, he explains what quality is essential in the making of a surgeon and at what point of time a doctor finally becomes a surgeon.

13. Fast reading • Answer the questions Ⅱ Comprehension 1,2 on pp.143-144 • What type is the text, generally? A. narration B. exposition C. description D. argumentation 记叙文 说明文 描述文 议论文

14. Fast reading • What is the main idea of the text? • A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confident from his own experience. • The text is mainly in the pattern. A. general-specific B. problem-solution C. cause-effect D. compare-contrast 总分 问题-解决 因果 比较-对比

15. Text structure • Part division Parts Paras Main Ideas 1 1-2 Argument: Confidence makes a surgeon. Exemplification: Contrastive states of mind in the first few months and last month of my residency. 2 3-6 3 7 Restatement: A surgeon needs conceit.

16. Writing skill Part I: thesis (论点) reasons Argumentation Part II: supporters (论据) examples Part III: conclusion (结论) topic sentence (主题句) illustrating (举例) reasoning (说理)

17. Part Four : Detailed study of the text

18. Part Four : Detailed study of the text Step one: Paragraph 1 and 2 The Making of a Surgeon A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confidence from his own experience. How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a "surgeon"? As my year as chief residentdrew to a closeI asked myself this question on more than one occasion.

19. The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence. When you can say to yourself, "There is nosurgical patient Icannottreatcompetently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon" - then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that point.

20. Paragraph 1 and 2 Questions to understand paragraph 1 and 2: • What question did Dr. Nolen ask himself as the year of his chief residency came to an end? • What was his answer? BACK

21. Paragraph 1 and 2 1. making ( n.) the process of being made or coming into being or gaining success e.g. The perseverance was the making of the writer. 坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。 ◆in the making = in the process of being made; ready to be produced e.g. Our plans are still in the making. 我们的计划还在酝酿之中。 ◆makings= the qualities needed e.g. He has the makings of a good doctor. 他具有成为好医生的素质。 BACK

22. Paragraph 1 and 2 2. recognize vt. ◆ know or identify (somebody or something) again that one has seen or heard before e.g. I can hardly recognize you because you’ve changed such a lot. 你变化太大了，我几乎认不出了。 ◆admit or be willing to accept somebody or something as beingreal We recognized that his act was not right. 我们承认他的行为是不对的。 BACK

23. Paragraph 1 and 2 3. chief resident A chief resident is the head of a group of doctors who work and live in a hospital while receiving specialized training there, usually at the final part of their medical training. BACK

24. Paragraph 1 and 2 4. draw to a close = come to an end e.g. This semester is drawing to a close. 5. occasion ◆on occasion = e.g. I meet her on occasion at the club or in the theatre. 我有时在俱乐部或剧院里遇到她。 ◆on an occasion : e.g. She had met Tome on an earlier occasion. 她早些时候曾见过Tom sometimes but not often a time when something happens BACK

25. Paragraph 1 and 2 6. confidence, confident, confidential feelings that believe sb./sth. is good confidencen. self-confidence: confidentadj. confidentialadj. believe in oneself sure that you can do sth. or deal with a situation successfully spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept; be trusted with secret information. Fill in the blanks with proper words given below. 1. This file contains information. 2. Jeff is very about solving this problem. 3. We have in your abilities . confidential confident confidence BACK

26. Paragraph 1 and 2 7. There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently. ◆Why does the author use double negation here? Double negation for emphatic purpose. ◆Paraphrase: I can treat any surgical patient competently. ◆Translation: 我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗，我的治疗和其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比其他医生更高明 BACK

27. Paragraph 1 and 2 treat vt . touse drugs, exercises, etc. in order to cure a person of a disease or heal an injure 指为某人诊断治疗，强调治疗过程，不强调治疗结果。 cure vt. to make someone who is ill well again 指治愈，治好，使病人恢复健康。 healvt. the skin, flesh, bones etc. grows back together and becomes healthy again尤指伤口痊愈，治愈。 8. treat, cure, heal

28. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Which doctor is her for her illness? 2. Doctor him of his disease. 3. The wound is not yet. 4. It is said that rest in bed may a cold. treating cured healed cure BACK

29. Paragraph 1 and 2 9. I was nearing that point. ◆How do you understand “ I was nearing that point”? I was nearing time when I was indeed a surgeon. BACK

30. Par. 3-par.6

31. Question1: Paragraph 3 to 6 According to para. 3, how did the author try to find the peace of mind he needed to relax? ( To get out of bed, to dress and to drive to the hospital to see the patient himself.)

32. Question2: What can we learn from para. 4? (self-confidence helps him when he is making a decision.)

33. Question3: Can you find the topic sentence in para.5? (The first sentence: In the operating room, I was equally confident.)

34. Question4: According to para.6, what’s the author’s attitude towards errors? ( He tried his best to avoid errors, but he was not afraid of them, because he knew he wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, neither could other surgeons.)

35. Question5: From para.4 – 6, we can conclude that self-confidence helps the author ________. a. when is making a decision b. when he is performing an operation c. when he has made mistakes d. all of the above 

36. Par.3 • 1. Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation, … • ◆Paraphrase: Walt and Larry : the pet names for Walter and Lawrence, two very common English names. Here the author only means that after he had told this person or that person what to do… • 张三李四

37. Par.3 • 2. and not infrequently, wonder if I hadn’t made a poor decision. • 这里的not infrequently等于frequently。此种用法是双重否定，等于肯定，目的是加强语气。 not + 带否定的前缀词是一种常见的双重否定结构，表示肯定的意思。 • Example: This is not unreasonable.

38. 3. There were still situations in which I couldn’t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved — and I could live with it. • It : the things mentioned above. 即医生不敢确定自己做的决定是否正确是常有的事，这个问题永远也无法完全解决。 • Translation • 在某些情况下我仍然不能确定自己做的决定是否正确，但我已学会把这看成是一名外科医生经常会遇到的问题，一个永远也无法完全解决的问题——我已能适应它了。

39. 4. constant: adj. 1) happening all the time; continuous • 他总是抱怨头痛。 2) fixed, unchanging Temperature is at a constant 26 degrees in this room.

40. 5. resolve: vt. resolution n. resolvedly adv. • 1) find an answer to The dispute between the two countries has been resolved peacefully. • 2) decide or determine (resolve to do) • He resolved to succeed.

41. resolve& solve resolve主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或找到解决途径。 The Cabinet met to resolve the crisis. solve普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的答复。 The teacher teaches his students to solve a mathematical equation.

42. 6. live with: • We don’t like Professor Smith’s class, but we have to live with it in order to graduate. • Live up to遵守（诺言）；不辜负（期望）； • Live high过奢侈生活 • Live for为…而生活 • Live with oneself保持自尊心 • 忍受：endure, put up with; stand; bear; suffer；undergo

43. Par.4 • 1. dwell on: think about; speak or write a lot about E.g: Don’t dwell so much on your past. Let bygones be bygones. 不要再过多地思考过去。过去的就让它过去吧。

44. 2. any decision I’d made was bound to be a sound one. • bound:1) adj. be certain; be sure You are bound to succeed if you work as hard as me. • 2) going (for, to) • The bus is bound for Shanghai at 2:30. • 3)vi. jump upward or forward • 他欣喜万分。His heart bounded with joy.

45. 3. sound: adj. • 1) not wrong, based on reason • 要任何人在任何时候都做出正确的判断并非易事。 • It is not easy for anyone to make sound judgment at anytime. 2) in good condition; healthy, without disease or damage The missing boy returned home yesterday safe and sound

46. Par.5 • 1. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. • Paraphrase I was no longer nervous or anxious when I was performing an operation. • butterflies in one’s stomach: feel nervous or anxious I had butterflies in my stomach when I first stood in front of the public.

47. 2. I’d sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of compound fractures. I had sweated over them for five years. I didn’t need to sweat any more. Paraphrase I had been nervous and anxious while painstakingly treating the serious wounds such as stab wounds in the abdomen, punctured lungs and compound fractures. I had been nervous for five years and I needn’t be so nervous any more. Translation 在我手上，我战战兢兢地治疗过像腹部刺伤、肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例。这类外科手术我已经战战兢兢地干了五年，现在我不必再担惊受怕了。

48. over: prep. during; while engaged in, in the course of • 他们边喝茶边谈话。 They talked over tea.

49. Par.6 • 3. Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn’t need surgery or sit on someone who did. • paraphrase I knew it clearly that I would make mistakes sometimes when I was in practice in the future. That mistake might be that I would operate on someone who didn’t need surgery or neglect someone who needed it urgently. Translation 我知道，在我出去开业行医时，说不定什么时候我会不可避免地出差错。我会给不需要手术的病人开刀，也可能会把急需手术的病人忽略过去。

50. 4. Sit on • neglect; do nothing about • 我们不应忽视那些急需我们帮助的人。 We shouldn’t sit on those people who need our help urgently. • Sit down • Sit for参加 • Sit in on列席，旁听 • Sit in静坐示威 • Sit up熬夜