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Tides are a 'changing

Tides are a 'changing. First African American Regiment High Water Mark Capture the Mississippi. July 1863. Gettysburg, PA. Vicksburg, MS. Fort Wagner, SC. Storming of Fort Wagner (SC) July 18, 1863.

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Tides are a 'changing

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  1. Tides are a 'changing First African American Regiment High Water Mark Capture the Mississippi

  2. July 1863 Gettysburg, PA Vicksburg, MS Fort Wagner, SC

  3. Storming of Fort Wagner (SC)July 18, 1863 • 54th Massachusetts Regiment (African American) led an assault to capture the fort from Confederates • Initial strike was unsuccessful; however, recruit of African American soldiers increased for the desperate Union Army • 60 days later the fort was captured

  4. Turning Point (East) • July 1-3, 1863 • Robert E. Lee vs. George Meade (“old snapping turtle”) • Attempt to break the Union back (win in the north) • Confederate loss (~30% casualties) • Union fails to pursue Lee following his retreat • Nov. 19 1863 – Gettysburg Address (dedication to lost lives and reasserting why the Union must continue to fight) Battle of Gettysburg (PA)

  5. Battle of GettysburgDay 1July 1, 1863 • Confederates take over town of Gettysburg (why important? – shelter, supplies, take cover) • Union pushed back to Cemetery Hill

  6. Battle of GettysburgDay 2 (July 2, 1863) • Union holds on at Little Round Top and Culp’s Hill • Preventing the Confederates from surrounding the Union • 20th Maine under Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain

  7. Battle of GettysburgDay 3July 3, 1863 • George Pickett (C) leads a charge with 12,000 men across an open field • - attempt to break through the Union line • Confederacy retreats to the South (July 4, 1863) with no pursuit by Meade

  8. Turning Point (West)Battle of Vicksburg (MS) • May 1863 • John C. Pemberton vs. U.S. Grant Grant lay siege (surrounding a city – nothing in, nothing out) on Vicksburg, MS “We are utterly cut off from the world, surrounded by a circle of fire.” • “People do nothing but eat what they can get (horses, dogs, rats), sleep when they can, and dodge the shells.”

  9. Turning Point (West)Battle of Vicksburg (MS) • Pemberton surrenders July 4, 1863 • Mississippi River is now controlled by the Union • Movement of Union troops and supplies • U.S. Grant is commissioned to lead the Army of the Potomac as Lt. General

  10. Ulysses S. Grant

  11. Ulysses S. Grant • Last Union General for the Army of the Potomac • Employed a total war strategy • Destroy everything of value • Houses, farms, livestock, fields, railroads, etc. • Keep the pressure on Lee • Keep Lee on the move • Petersburg to Richmond (from the north - Grant) • Atlanta to Savannah (from the south - Sherman)

  12. William T. Sherman (U)March to Sea • Nov. 1864 – April 1865 • Ordered by Grant to employ total war • Live off the land and destroy the rest • Marched from Atlanta to Savannah (towards the Atlantic Ocean); then north to meet up with Grant in VA http://www.history.com/topics/william-t-sherman/videos#shermans-terrifying-tactics (movie clip) http://www.history.com/topics/william-t-sherman/interactives/shermans-march (map)

  13. Ulysses S. Grant • Trapped the Confederate army in Richmond • “There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant,” Lee said, “and I would rather die a thousand deaths.” • April 9, 1865: Lee surrendered to Grant in Appomattox Courthouse, VA –ending the Civil War

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