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History

History. Greeks and Romans Hippocrates ~ 400 BC Aristotle ~ 350 BC The Alexandrians ~ after 300 BC Galen ~ 200 AD Diseases have a natural cause. mechanism: imbalance of the four humors sanguine, choleric, melancholy, phlegmatic

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History

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  1. History • Greeks and Romans Hippocrates ~ 400 BC Aristotle ~ 350 BC The Alexandrians ~ after 300 BC Galen ~ 200 AD • Diseases have a natural cause. • mechanism: imbalance of the four humors • sanguine, choleric, melancholy, phlegmatic • Anatomy and Physiology (structure and function / machine and mechanism) are related to each other.

  2. History • Fall of the Western Roman Empire Dark Ages in Europe • Islamic Contributions • Preserved and improved on Greek and Roman science • Arabic numerals • Arabic words • Al-gebra • Al-cohol • Cotton • Al-godon

  3. http://www.callisto.si.usherb.ca/~croisade/IMAGES/Hagia_sophia.jpghttp://www.callisto.si.usherb.ca/~croisade/IMAGES/Hagia_sophia.jpg Byzantine Greek St. Sophia – 6th Century A.D. Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) Taj Mahal - India St. Basil - Moscow http://designbuild.construction.com/MasterBuilders/0600MB.asp http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/TWalls1068/page4/Basil.JPG

  4. History • Renaissance • Translation of Greek classics into Latin • Human Dissection • Vesalius – physician / anatomist - 1543

  5. History • 18th, 19th and 20th Centuries • Chemistry • 1828 – Wöhler synthesizes urea • Today – Genetic Engineering, Cloning

  6. Cell Theory • Late 17th C. – Robert Hooke and Antony Van Leeuwenhoek • Cells seen in microscopes. • 1830’s – Schleiden and Schwann • The cell is the basic unit of life for all plants and animals. • 1850’s Virchow [plus Pasteur] • All cells come from other cells. • Late 1800’s – light microscope perfected (1000 x magnification) • 1950’s – electron microscope perfected ( >100,000 x magnification)

  7. Medical Terminology • Anatomy = study of structure (the machine) ana = “up”; tomy = to cut anatomy = to cut up, to dissect [Greek based] [Latin based] • Physiology = study of function (the mechanism) physio = nature; logy = study of [same root as physics] Normal function requires energy. The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics apply.

  8. Medical Terminology • Homeostasis = normal operating condition steady state (dynamic) • homeo: similar to • cf. homo: same as [Nicene Creed ~ 400 A.D.] • stasis: standing / condition • “The various physiologic arrangements which serve to restore the normal state once it has been disturbed.” – W.B. Cannon

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