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Bacterial Genetics Chapters 10 and 4

Bacterial Genetics Chapters 10 and 4 You will not be responsible for “Specialized transduction” in Chapter 12, but you should understand the basics steps of Genetic Engineering from the textbook.

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Bacterial Genetics Chapters 10 and 4

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  1. Bacterial Genetics Chapters 10 and 4 You will not be responsible for “Specialized transduction” in Chapter 12, but you should understand the basics steps of Genetic Engineering from the textbook. Topics from Chapter 4 will not be covered formally in class, but you should read the sections on the “Roots of DNA research” and Structure of DNA” Bacterial Genetics

  2. The Bacterial Chromosome Basic structure DNA double helix no nucleosomes Replication Plasmids DNA replication Bacterial Genetics

  3. How do bacteria obtain new traits? Spontaneous mutation -- or experimentally ‘induced’ From other cells “Genetic recombination” How is knowledge of bacterial mutation and recombination important? Evolution Antibiotic resistance Genetic engineering Bacterial Genetics

  4. Genetic mutation Genetic mutations are changes to the genetic code Examples of mutations base substitution chemical alterations deletions -- cause shift in ‘reading frame’ Causes of mutations “mutagens” chemicals UV light ionizing radiation Bacterial Genetics

  5. Mutations and evolution of bacteria Do all mutations lead to beneficial changes? No! Do mutations create beneficial changes in response to specific environment ‘stresses’? No! Will a beneficial mutation always spread through a population? No! … so then why do bacteria evolve new traits so quickly? Bacterial Genetics

  6. Bacterial Genetic Recombination Processes by which bacterial genes are obtained from other organisms Three recombinational processes: 1) Transformation 2) Conjugation 3) Transduction Bacterial Genetics

  7. Transformation Griffith & Avery Studies Gene sources ‘Competent’ cells Transformation Bacterial Genetics

  8. Transduction Transfer mediated By virus Not responsible for “Specialized transduction” Transduction Bacterial Genetics

  9. Conjugation Genes carried on a F-plasmid Process of conjugation Loss of F+ phenotype Plasmids can carry other genes R-plasmids Virulence plasmids Other nonessential traits Conjugation Bacterial Genetics

  10. Hfr mediated conjugation ‘High frequency of recombination’ Plasmid integration Consequences Bacterial Genetics

  11. Bacteria in Biotechnology You will be responsible for the steps of Genetic Engineering from the textbook Role of plasmids ‘Cloning’ of useful genes Bacterial ‘drug factories’ Bio-engineering of other organisms Gene Cloning Bacterial Genetics

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