David McDonagh

1. Reflections on undertaking a problem-based learning degree and the student’s perception of the role of university David McDonagh “Give the pupils something to do, not something to learn; and the doing is of such a nature as to demand thinking; learning naturally results.” – John Dewey

2. Problem Based Learning • What would happen if the orbits of Mars and Earth were instantaneously swapped? • What are the limits to human speed? • Are these patents practical? Do they violate the laws of thermodynamics? • How can software be designed to program rovers on Mars? • Could life exist on Enceladus? • How do magnetic particles behave in biological systems? How can they be used in medicine?

3. Problem Based Learning What would happen if the orbits of Mars and Earth were instantaneously swapped? What is the effect of the Sun on the Earth and Mars now? Stars The Earth’s magnetic field Planetary atmospheres Aurora Remote sensing The solar wind The Dungey Cycle The Van Allen Belts The nature of light Heat flow Magnetism Newton’s Law of Cooling Wien’s Law Albedo Steffan-Boltzmann Law Rayleigh scattering

4. Glimpsing the Cathedral • An overarching problem provides context and structure • Forces you to go beyond passively learning • Material stops being viewed through the lens of what to know for the exam • A focus on group work

5. Extension Tasks • Density Functional Theory as an interdisciplinary tool • The viability of terraforming Mars • An overview of black holes • The physiological effects of space travel • The viability of mining the solar system • A primer to quantum computation

6. Learning the Research Process • Instruction is kept brief • Extent of the task is decided by the student • Students can pursue their interests

7. Learning the Research Process A primer to quantum computation How do quantum computers work? How do classical computers work? Entanglement Superposition Measurement principle Boolean logic Binary notation Hilbert Space Polarisation Quantum states evolving with time Logic gates Unitary transformations Qubit gates Quantum algorithms Fourier sampling What is the importance of quantum computers? Claude Shannon and Information Theory Church-Turing Thesis Cryptography Channel capacity and noise Solovay-Strassenprimality test Defining information

8. Learning the Research Process Quantum Computation and Quantum information, Nielsen and Chuang Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware, Petzold Khan Academy lecture series on vectors and vector spaces Elementary Linear Algebra, Grossman Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences 9 week EDX course on Quantum Computing and Quantum algorithms

9. The Role of MOOCs

10. The Role of MOOCs Beyond a revision aid: • Weekly lectures • Course Notes • Marked problem sets • Assignments • Discussion forum • Q&A sessions with the lecturers • Marked exams

11. What is the Role of University? • Information transfer is no longer limited to the university. • How do you assimilate this information? How can you apply it? • What do students expect from university?

12. Reflections on Problem-Based Learning • Teaching how to build, not collect bricks • The importance of personalised education • The course content is the same, but solving the over arching problems produces different answers, and different students. • Students need to be encouraged to interact

13. Thank you for listening “Give the pupils something to do, not something to learn; and the doing is of such a nature as to demand thinking; learning naturally results.” – John Dewey