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Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Plug-in Electric Vehicles. Bill Boyce. September, 2013. The Alphabet Soup of EV’s. PEV: Plug-in electric vehicle includes EV’s, BEV’s, PHEV’s and EREV’s EV’s Electric Vehicles BEV’s are Battery Electric Vehicles PHEV’s are Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (generically includes EREV’s)

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Plug-in Electric Vehicles

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  1. Plug-in Electric Vehicles Bill Boyce September, 2013

  2. The Alphabet Soup of EV’s • PEV: Plug-in electric vehicle includes EV’s, BEV’s, PHEV’s and EREV’s • EV’s Electric Vehicles • BEV’s are Battery Electric Vehicles • PHEV’s are Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (generically includes EREV’s) • EREV are Extended Range Electric Vehicles • EVSE: Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (informally called a charger) • Level 1 EVSE is a standard 120V electrical outlet (typically 1.5kW) • Level 2 EVSE is a 208 or 240V dedicated charging device (3.3 to 19.2kW) • DC Fast Charging is an off-board dedicated charger • 20 to 100kW charging Level • Approaches a gas station model with target 20 to 30 minute charge times • FCEV or FCV: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle or Fuel Cell Vehicle • 700 or 350 bar: Refueling pressure (10,000 or 5,000 lbs/in2)

  3. PEV Model Introductions Continue 2009: Tesla Roadster 2010: Nissan Leaf Chevrolet Volt Now: Nissan Leaf Chevrolet Volt Mitsubishi i Toyota Prius Plug-in Toyota Rav-4EV Ford Focus EV Ford C-Max Energi Ford Fusion Energi BMW Active E, i3 Honda Fit EV Honda Accord PHEV Tesla Model S Chevrolet Spark Fiat 500e 2012 Honda Fit EV 2012 Tesla Model S Graphic courtesy of the California PEV Collaborative

  4. Current PEV Sales are Double the Original Hybrids # of U.S. Vehicles Sold 2011-2012 PEV Total 2011-2012PHEV/EREV 2000-2001 Hybrids 2011-2012 BEV End of Year

  5. PEV Vehicle Market Observations • California is the leading market for PEV’s • August of 2013 was the highest sales month to date for the Nissan Leaf • and Chevrolet Volt • Tesla Model S Sales have surprised the traditional auto industry • On track to sell 20,000 units this year • #1 selling luxury category vehicle in California this year • General consumers still not aware of the differences between PHEV’s and BEV’s • Northern California buying more BEV’s • Southern California buying more PHEV’s

  6. Where do people charge? At Home Home Public Workplace • Average vehicle is using approximately 8 kWh a day (30 miles) • Average BEV is charging once per day • Average PHEV is charging 1.1 times per day • Multi-Unit-Dwelling is still a challenge

  7. DC Fast Charging Buzz for public charging • Addresses range anxiety and emulates a gas station • with a 30 minute charging time (versus 4 hours) • $100M NRG Energy settlement has everyone excited • 200 DC Fast Chargers planned • Nissan is providing support for charging hardware • SMUD Planning up to 8DC Fast Chargers • Unfortunately two standards will be needed U.S. / European SAE Combo Connector Japanese CHA-de-MO Connector

  8. Ongoing SMUD PEV Initiatives • EV Innovators Residential Rate Pilot Program • 6₵ a kWh for charging after midnight (≈ 60₵/gallon gasoline!) • Smart charging options to avoid peak penalties • PEV Demonstration efforts with General Motors and Chrysler • Sacramento DC Fast Charger Pilot Deployment Program • Upwards of 4 fast chargers to be installed in 2013 • New Vehicle Data collection effort with APPA and EPRI • Home versus Workplace versus Public charging profile for Sacramento • Truck Stop Electrification • Enlarging electrified parking stalls at the 49er Travel Plaza • Recruiting customers for electrified truck refrigeration demonstration • Distribution Grid Impact Analysis • Charging level has more impacts than time of day • Level 1 and Smart Charging show the least impacts • Commercial Customer Support • Workplace Charging consulting

  9. FCEV Announcements on Commercialization . Jan 2013: US DOE launches public/private partnership to support H2 infrastructure • Sep 2012: Toyota announces sedan-type FCEV launch in 2015 • Sep 2012: Honda’s President reiterates company’s plan to release an all-new FCEV starting in 2015 • Jan 2013: Toyota/BMW announce partnership including FC technology • Jan 2013: Daimler/Nissan/Ford joint development of affordable FCEV to be launched as early as 2017 • Feb 2013: Hyundai Tucson ix35 FCEV production launch • Jul 2013: GM and Honda to collaborate on next generation FC technology; Honda affirms 2015 launch

  10. Major fueling infrastructure push planned for 2013/2014 • 13 Hydrogen stations are currently in operation • 9 Stations are open to the public • 18 more stations have been funded • AB8 Passed extending funding for infrastructure • 67 Stations planned for minimum network • Overall plan calls for 100 stations Information from the CARB Website and CaFCP California 2012 Roadmap

  11. Summary • PEV sales twice the original hybrid vehicle introduction and Tesla sales • are drawing attention • Primary charging occurs at home, but multifamily dwellings are still • very difficult • DC Fast Charging seams to address PEV range anxiety • FCEV market launch poised for 2015 • Lots of hydrogen refueling infrastructure up for construction

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