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Greece

Greece. Chapter 4. Terrain. Small area Many Islands Very Mountainous Seas Aegean, Mediterranean, Ionian. Minoans. 2700 – 1450 BC Crete Influence Greeks. Mycenaeans. 1600 – 1100 BC Loose alliance of independent states Mycenae – leading city-state Warrior people Defeat Troy.

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Greece

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  1. Greece Chapter 4

  2. Terrain • Small area • Many Islands • Very Mountainous • Seas • Aegean, Mediterranean, Ionian

  3. Minoans 2700 – 1450 BC Crete Influence Greeks

  4. Mycenaeans • 1600 – 1100 BC • Loose alliance of independent states • Mycenae – leading city-state • Warrior people • Defeat Troy

  5. Greek Dark Ages 1100 – 750 BC Population declines Food production drops Development of Greek Alphabet

  6. Homer • Poet • Epic Poems – teach courage and honor • Iliad • Odyssey

  7. City-States • Polis – Very independent Center of Greek life People have a common identity Acropolis – high, fortified Agora – open space, assembly

  8. Military • Hoplites • Phalanx – Defensive formation • Spartans

  9. Politics • Tyrants • Oligarchy • Democracy • Direct Democracy

  10. Sparta Militarized society Disciplined Women have freedoms

  11. Athens • Assembly of 500 • Pass laws after debating • Foundation for democracy

  12. Classical Era • 500-338 BC • Persian Wars • Marathon – Athens defeats Persians – 490 BC • Thermoplyae – 300 Spartans – 480 BC • Plataea – Greeks defeat Persians – 479 BC

  13. Athens • Leader of Greek City-states • Delian League – Defensive Alliance • Direct Democracy • Every male citizen votes • Ostracism – Ban ambitious politicians for 10 years • Economy • Farming and Trade

  14. Peloponnesian War • 431 BC • Athens • Fights Defensive, stays inside city walls • Sparta • Fights offensive, powerful army • Athens surrenders – 404 BC • Greek city-states weakened

  15. Religion • Polytheistic • Gods and Goddesses on Mt. Olympus • Temples to gods • Rituals and festivals honoring gods • Olympics • Oracles reveal future • Delphi

  16. Art • Influences Western world • Architecture • Parthenon • Sculpture • Ideal beauty • Drama • Tragedies – Drama

  17. Writing History as systematic analysis of events Herodotus – 1st Historian

  18. Philosophy • “Love of Wisdom” • Critical and rational thought • Socrates • Live a moral life • Socratic Method – Question and Answer • Plato • Greatest philosopher • Aristotle • Most influential thinker • Many different subjects

  19. Macedonia • King Philip II • Invades, conquers Greece • Unites all of Greece – 338 BC • Assassinated • Son - Alexander

  20. Alexander the Great • Invades Persian Empire • Conquers Empire and more • Master of leadership, strategy, tactics • Spreads Greek Culture thoughout known world Reaches India – 326 BC, turns back for home Dies – 323 BC

  21. Hellenistic Era • “Imitate the Greeks” • Spread of Greek culture and ideas • Advances in science and math • Astronomy • Circumference of Earth • Geometry – Euclid • Pi - Archimedes

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