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Historical Thinking Skills. WHAT YOU SHOULD GET FROM THIS : Difference between Primary & Secondary sources and how they are used Definition of “ Presentism ” Concept of ‘ Continuity & Change ’ How ‘ Progress & Decline ’ can happen simultaneously Concept of ‘ Cause & Consequence’.
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Historical Thinking Skills WHAT YOU SHOULD GET FROM THIS: Difference between Primary & Secondary sources and how they are used Definition of “Presentism” Concept of ‘Continuity & Change’ How ‘Progress & Decline’ can happen simultaneously Concept of ‘Cause & Consequence’
1. Ask- Says who? What’s your source? “Life for a soldier in the trenches in WW1 was full of emotion, particularly boredom” SAYS WHO? Trust PRIMARY SOURCES, question SECONDARY SOURCES
Primary or Secondary? In what context can we trust these sources? Concert Ticket Handwritten Letter, 19th C. Report Card Textbook, 1886 Textbook Email message Birth Certificate Lab Notes
Typical Examples: Primary Sources Secondary Sources Artifacts & Art Works Census data & Statistics Diaries, Letters & emails Legislation Policy documents Period Newspapers Photographs Treaties Speeches Current news Scholarly articles Documentaries Films Reference books Textbooks Most websites
2. “Presentism” Nellie McClung fought for women’s rights in the 1910’s but also believed in forced sterilization McKenzie King is Canada’s longest serving PM & led us through WW2 but he also advocated keeping Jews out Is it fair that we label these people as racists based on Historical Perspective?
“Presentism” defined… Judging someone from the past based on today’s standards with the advantage of Historical Perspective
3. Continuity & Change Something's change, something's stay the same Canada is Officially bilingual as of 1969 (Change) but tension between French & English Canada always seems present (Continuity)
4. Progress & declineThe End of WW1- Paris 1919- Treaty of Versailles Woodrow Wilson (US), David Lloyd George (GBR) & George Clemenceau (FRN) meet close up the mess of WW1 & ensure peace. Progress right?
Progress for one, decline for anotherWas the world a better place after the conference? Japan-“in all this progress towards peace, can we include a racial equality clause in the league of Nations charter”
Progress for one, decline for anotherWas the world a better place after the conference? • Wilson (Virginian) not kean • British colonies wanted only white immigrants • Majority at conference voted in favour but Wilson vetoed it • Change for minorities vs. continuity for racial superiority? • Progress for minorities vs. decline for the white Western world?
5. Cause & Consequence Cause: Not enough lifeboats so 1250 die Titanic sinks (1912)
Consequence: SS Eastland flips over while docked in Chicago (1915) 844 dead. Caused by ships instability because of the added weight of so many lifeboats
Cause & Consequence • Nothing is as simple as it seems • Multiple causes • Multiple consequences