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DNA

1. DNA. 3/12/2013 Do Now What is a nucleotide and what is it made of? What are the four bases and how do they pair in DNA?. Mutation. A mutation is any change to the DNA. The can be as simple as a single base change (A to C) or as severe as deleting a whole section of the DNA.

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DNA

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  1. 1 DNA • 3/12/2013 Do Now • What is a nucleotide and what is it made of? • What are the four bases and how do they pair in DNA?

  2. Mutation • A mutation is any change to the DNA. The can be as simple as a single base change (A to C) or as severe as deleting a whole section of the DNA. • DNA makes you into who you are and changes in DNA lead to changes in you. • Point Mutations = mutations at one point, one specific gene

  3. Substitution = one base is changed to a different base.

  4. Insertion = a base is inserted into the DNA sequence

  5. Deletion = one base is removed from the DNA sequence

  6. Gene Mutations • Substitution • THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT • THE FAT HAT ATE THE RAT • Insertion • THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT • THE FAT CAT XLW ATE THE RAT • Deletion • THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT • THE FAT ATE THE RAT

  7. Large Scale Mutations Mutations that change a whole chromosomes and affect multiple genes.

  8. Significance of Mutations • Most are neutral • Eye color • Birth marks • Some are harmful • Sickle Cell Anemia • Down Syndrome • Some are beneficial • Sickle Cell Anemia to Malaria • Immunity to HIV

  9. What Causes Mutations? • There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: • Mutations can be inherited. • Parent to child • Mutations can be acquired. • Environmental damage (UV radiation, cheimcals) • Mistakes when DNA is copied Mutagens = agents in the environment that can change DNA

  10. Exit Slip: • Which types of mutations can add genes to a chromosome? • Which type of mutation can take genes away from a chromosome? • Which type of mutation changes the order of the genes, but not the number of genes in a chromosome?

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