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Observing Systems ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team

Observing Systems ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team. METEOSAT Reprocessed. 1982. 1988. 1979. TOMS/ SBUV. CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATA. NCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, …. 1973. 1979. 1987. VTPR. TOVS: HIRS/ MSU/ SSU.

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Observing Systems ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team

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  1. Observing Systems ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team

  2. METEOSAT Reprocessed 1982 1988 1979 TOMS/ SBUV CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATA NCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, … 1973 1979 1987 VTPR TOVS: HIRS/ MSU/ SSU SSM/I 1991 ERS-1 1995 CMW ERS-2 1998 ATOVS OBSERVING SYSTEMS IN ERA-40 2001 1957

  3. Combining the different conventional data sources CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATA CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATA NCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, … NCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, …

  4. Illustration The number of available TEMP/ land data per year from different data sources at 00UTC

  5. Illustration The number of available TEMP/ land data per year from different data sources at 00UTC

  6. ILLUSTRATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF MERGE

  7. Radiosonde temperature bias, OB-FG (4 solar elevation angle intervals and the mean) all year 1994, South West Canada Uncorrected Corrected

  8. ERA-40: SYNOP-Ps 00 UTC Northern hemisphere RMS (hPa) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA 2 hPa 2 hPa Number of used observations per day ERA-40: SYNOP-Ps 00 UTC Southern hemisphere RMS (hPa) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA Number of used observations per day 1000 1000

  9. Problem with elimination of duplicates ERA-40: TEMP-T 500 hPa 00 UTC Southern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA 1K Number of used observations per day ERA-40: TEMP-T 500 hPa 00 UTC Northern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA 1K Number of used observations per day

  10. ERA-40: TEMP-T 50 hPa 00 UTC Northern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA 2K Number of used observations per day ERA-40: TEMP-T 50 hPa 00 UTC Southern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA 2K Number of used observations per day

  11. Humidity Conversion Problem Datasource: MIT ERA-40: TEMP-Q 850 hPa 00 UTC Tropics RMS (g/kg) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA Number of used observations per day

  12. 1966 1958 1958 1976 1986 Snow data coverage (sdepth>0)

  13. Conventional Observations • Identify and fill the missing data in priority order • Improve the merging/ screening process

  14. Satellite Radiance Data • TOVS HIRS/ MSU/ SSU • ATOVS AMSU-A, AMSU-B • VTPR • SSM/ I • Datasets relatively complete

  15. 14 NOAA Satellites VTPR TOVS / ATOVS

  16. (John Bates, Darren Jackson) MSU Channel 4 MSU Channel 3 1998 1978 1978 1998 NASA Langley Research Center Radiation and Aerosols Branch

  17. Pinatubo

  18. NOAA-14 SSU NOAA-11 SSU

  19. 10 hPa

  20. VTPR Active Mean & STD of 30 hPa Geopotential Increment, November - December 1972 Average 30 hPa Geopotential, November - December 1972

  21. NOAA-14 HIRS/MSU/SSU CH-2/ SSU BL NOAA-15 AMSU-A, HIRS HIRS BL CH-14/ AMSU-A BL NOAA-11 HIRS/MSU/SSU 1 SSU Instrument ERA-40: TEMP U-Wind 50 hPa 00 UTC Southern Hemisphere RMS (m/s) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA Number of used observations per day ERA-40: TEMP U-Wind 50 hPa 00 UTC Northern Hemisphere RMS (m/s) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA Number of used observations per day

  22. ERA-40: SSMI/TCWV 00 UTC Tropics RMS (kg/m**2) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA 6 4 2 Number of used observations per day 500

  23. Aspects relating the use of radiances • Problem periods per channel into “blacklist” • Bias tuning necessary • Overlapping periods important • Cloud detection • Contamination by aerosols

  24. Cloud Motion Winds • Reprocessing improves the quality of analyses

  25. METEOSAT Reprocessed Winds

  26. Meteosat Reprocessed winds ERA-40: SATOB U- Wind 850 00 UTC Tropics RMS (m/s) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA Number of used observations per day

  27. Differences in 10m wind speed Contour interval 0.5ms-1 Yellow/red indicates ERA-40 winds stronger than ERA-15 winds

  28. Research based on reanalyses FEEDBACK INFORMATION: Observed values OB – FG OB – AN Flags Understanding & Improving Observation datasets: Satellite Conventional Data Assimilation System Development Improved use of Observing Systems in the next reanalysis

  29. Research based on reanalyses Need to Create & Improve: User Interfaces Modern tools to visualize Understanding & Improving Observation datasets: Satellite Conventional Data Assimilation System Development Improved use of Observing Systems in the next reanalysis

  30. Filling the possible gaps in time and space with additional data Insert the new data into Data Base Merge of observations and observed values: in the Screening step before minimization Use the merged observations in reanalysis(n+1) Investigate the Feedback information (Ob-Fg, Ob-An) : Statistics and time series per area/ station Statistics of accepted/ rejected data per data source Detailed inventories of the merged dataset and data sources Check/ Modify Station height and position information

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