Renaissance Era

1. Renaissance Era 1450 - 1600

2. The Renaissance era encompasses Western music history from 1400 to the begining of the 1600’s. This period in time marked the rebirth of humanism, and the revival of cultural achievements for their own sake in all forms of art, including music. The word "Renaissance" in itself is defined as a "rebirth“ or a "reconstruction". The Renaissance Period

3. During this time, artists and musicians produced works that displayed more artistic freedom and individualism. This creativity allowed artists to abandon the stricter ways of the Medieval Era. Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals. The great masters of the Renaissance were revered in their own lifetimes (rather than after their deaths), which was different from most of their Medieval predecessors. With the new printing techniques, music and musical ideas were able to be preserved and distributed to the people. Renaissance

4. The distinctive musical sounds of the Renaissance era were comprised of a smooth, imitative, polyphonic style, as seen in the music of Byrd, Palestrina, and Lassus. While sacred music remained of great importance, secular music was starting to become increasingly common. Therefore, the polyphonic style was not only used in sacred music, but also in secular madrigals . Renaissance

5. The repertoire of instrumental music also began to grow considerably. New instruments were invented, including two keyboard instruments called the clavichord and virginal. In addition, many existing instruments were enhanced. The lute became the favored instrument of the time period, and it was established as the standard instrument for family music making during the 16th century. Renaissance

6. Masses and motets The distinctive musical sounds of the Renaissance era were comprised of These were accompanied by the lute or a small instrumental ensemble or consort. Secular vocal forms included motets, madrigals and songs, while instrumental pieces were usually short polyphonic works or music for dancing. Reanaissance

7. Renaissance polyphony was harmonious when compared with the Medieval style. Imitation was a method that composers used to make elaborate music more coherent and to give the listener a sense of arrangement. Imitation, where one melodic line shares, or "imitates," the same musical theme as a previous melodic line became an important polyphonic technique. Imitative polyphony can be easily heard in the music of Byrd, Gibbons, and Gabrieli. Additionally, the masses and motets of composers such as Josquin also displayed the imitative polyphonic style. Imitative polyphony was so important that it continued into the Baroque period, especially in sacred music for the church. Renaissance

8. Byrd, William (1543-1623) • Desprez, Josquin (1440-1521) • Gabrielli, Giovanni (1554-1612) • Gibbons, Orlando (1583-1625) • Ockeghem, Johannes (1410-1497) A Father of Renaissance Music • Palestrina, Giovanni (1525-1594) The Renaissance EraComposers

9. Essentially, it was a cultural and intellectual movement, intimately tied to society and politics, of the late fourteenth to early seventeenth centuries, although it is commonly restricted to just the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is considered to have originated in Italy.. What Was The Renaissance?

10. At its core, the Renaissance was a movement dedicated to the rediscovery and use of classical learning, that is to say knowledge and attitudes from the Ancient Greek and Roman eras. Renaissance literally means ‘rebirth’, and Renaissance thinkers believed the period between themselves and the fall of Rome, which they labelled the Middle Ages, had seen a decline in cultural achievement compared with the earlier eras. History of Renaissance

11. The era was dynamic, with European explorers “finding” new continents, the transformation of trading methods and patterns, the decline of feudalism, scientific developments such as the Copernican system of the cosmos and the rise of gunpowder. Many of these changes were triggered, in part, by the Renaissance, such as classical mathematics stimulating new financial trading mechanisms, or new techniques from the east boosting ocean navigation. The printing press was also developed, allowing Renaissance texts to be disseminated widely. Renaissance Era

12. Across the fourteenth century, and perhaps before, the old social and political structures of the medieval period broke down, allowing new concepts to rise. A new elite emerged, with new models of thought and ideas to justify themselves. Exiting elites matched them to keep pace, as did the Catholic Church. Italy, from which the Renaissance evolved, was a series of city states, each competing with the others for civic pride, trade and wealth. They were largely autonomous, with a high proportion of merchants and artisans thanks to the Mediterranean trade routes. Renaissance History

13. At the very top of Italian society, the rulers of the key courts in Italy were all “new men”, recently confirmed in their positions of power and with newly gained wealth, and they were keen to demonstrate both. There was also wealth and the desire to show it below them. The Black Death had killed millions in Europe and left the survivors with proportionally greater wealth, whether through fewer people inheriting more or simply from the increased wages they could demand. Renaissance History

14. Italian society, and the results of the Black Death, allowed for much greater social mobility, a constant flow of people keen to demonstrate their wealth. Displaying wealth and using culture to reinforce your social and political was an important aspect of life in that period, and when artistic and scholarly movements turned back to the classical world at the start of the fifteenth century there were plenty of patrons ready to support them in these endeavours to make political points. Renaissance history

15. The importance of piety, as demonstrated through commissioning works of tribute, was also strong, and Christianity proved a heavy influence for thinkers trying to square Christian thought with that of “pagan” classical writers. Renaissance

16. 1450 Renaissance Begins • 1428 Joan of Arc and Siege at Orleans • 1445 Guttenberg invents printing press • 1478 Spanish Inquisition • 1492 Columbus discovers New World • 1514 Michelangelo paints Sistine Chapel • 1517 Martin Luther/95 Theses • 1558 Queen Elizabeth I Begins Reign • 1595 DaVinci paints Last Supper Important Events

17. The Magna Carta was a document that limited the power of kings in Britain. The reason the Magna Carta was formed was because King John hated the French and declared war against them. Then he taxed the nobles, who didn't like this. So the nobles made the Magna Carta which said that the nobles had certain political rights and made him sign the contract. It made the ruler have to follow certain laws. This happened in 1215 when England was at war with France. The final outcome was a major cornerstone in democratic movements and the end of free rule by a ruler. 4 major Events of RenaissanceMagna carta

18. The Printing Press was probably the greatest invention of this time. This made books cheaper and easier to afford for the poor. This intern caused many poor citizens who couldn't read before to learn how to read. The printing press was invented in Germany by a man named Johann Gutenberg. He invented it in 1440 in Mainz. It was the greatest invention of that period of time because the church couldn't lie about things that were written in the bible. This was the major factor for increase in knowledge. An average printer could print 500 books in the same time as a monk took to make 1. Printing Press

19. The Reformation was started in 1517 when Martin Luther wrote the 95 theses which were against the churches bad practices. He then posted these 95 theses on a castle in Wittenburg. These were then taken and copied and copied until it was spread all over norther Europe. This caused the reformation of the church and a new branch of Christianity to be formed called protestant. During a revolt Martin Luther told the princes of Germany to kill the revolt with no mercy. Feeling betrayed most peasants rejected Luther's teaching after that. This Mainly happened in Germany and other close by countries. The Protestant religion has split many times to form a jumble of beliefs. Reformation

20. The Renaissance was a time of growing knowledge for the poor, the idea of humanism and the idea of free thinking. This happened all through out Europe during 1300 - 1600 AC. The idea of Humanism was that human had the ability to do anything. The outcome was new thought about the religion and life. This is the time of Da Vinci and Michelangelo. This was also the restart of manners in the modern world. The renaissance started in Italy. Humanism

21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itKeTpK83IY&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itKeTpK83IY&feature=player_detailpage • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=D1QjkhENZg8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=GwbAMJEC0wc Renaissance Music

22. Last Supper

23. The Creation

24. Mona Lisa

25. “The most heavenly gifts seem to be showered on certain human beings. Sometimes supernaturally, marvelously, they all congregate in one individual. . . . This was seen and acknowledged by all men in the case of Leonardo da Vinci, who had. . . an indescribable grace in every effortless act and deed. His talent was so rare that he mastered any subject to which he turned his attention. . . . He might have been a scientist if he had not been so versatile. “ DaVinci Biographer Leonardo DaVinci

26. Leonardo di serPiero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian polymath, having been a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer. Born as the illegitimate son of a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant girl, Caterina, at Vinci in the region of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter, Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovicoil Moro in Milan. He later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice, spending his final years in France at the home given to him by King François I. Da Vinci

27. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the "Renaissance man", a man whose seemingly infinite curiosity was equaled only by his powers of invention. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. Leonardo DaVinci

28. Leonardo is primarily renowned as a painter. Two of his works, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper occupy unique positions as the most famous, most reproduced and most parodied portrait and religious painting of all time, their fame approached only by Michelangelo's Creation of Adam. Leonardo's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also iconic. Leonardo DaVinci

29. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings survive, the small number due to his constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his chronic procrastination. Nevertheless, these few works together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, comprise a contribution to later generations of artists only rivalled by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo.

30. As an engineer, Leonardo's ideas were vastly ahead of his time. He conceptualised a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator, the double hull and outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime, but some of his smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded.[d] As a scientist, he greatly advanced the state of knowledge in the fields of anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics. Leonardo DaVinci

31. Leonardo died at Clos Lucé, France, on May 2, 1519 Da Vinci’s Death