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The Conduct of the War. The Allies vs. Central Powers. England, France and Russia + Italy, Romania, Japan, Serbia, Belgium, Portugal Austria and Germany + Turkey, Bulgaria. New Technology. “In four years, the world went from 1870 to 1940.”. Flamethrowers. Gas. Barbed wire. Machine guns.
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The Allies vs. Central Powers • England, France and Russia + Italy, Romania, Japan, Serbia, Belgium, Portugal • Austria and Germany + Turkey, Bulgaria
New Technology • “In four years, the world went from 1870 to 1940.”
Artillery • Caused ¾ of casualties • At Somme in 1916, 20,000 shells in one day • 7,000,000 between July and September!
Theatres of War • Western Front • Eastern Front • Naval blockade • Italy • Balkans • Turkey (Gallipoli) • Middle East • Asia
Last Efforts • Resumption of submarine warfare • Russia out of War • US in- World War for Liberty, Democracy and Humanity • Last German Push-big allied casualties (800,000) but never complete • Success in Middle East • EXHAUSTION! • Peace without Victory is the key
CountryDeadWoundedMissingTotal Africa10,000--10,000 Australia58,150152,170-210,320 Austria-Hungary922,0003,600,000855,2835,377,283 Belgium44,000450,000-494,000 Britain658,7002,032,150359,1503,050,000 Bulgaria87,500152,39027,029266,919 Canada56,500149,700-206,200 Caribbean1,0003,000-4,000 France1,359,0004,200,000361,6505,920,650 Germany1,600,0004,065,000103,0005,768,000 Greece5,00021,0001,00027,000 India43,20065,1755,875114,250 Italy689,000959,100-1,424,660 Japan30090731,210 Montenegro3,00010,0007,00020,000 New Zealand16,13040,750-56,880 Portugal7,22213,75112,31833,291 Romania335,706120,00080,000535,706 Russia1,700,0005,000,000-6,700,000 Serbia45,000133,148152,958331,106 South Africa7,00012,000-19,000 Turkey250,000400,000-650,000 USA58,480189,95514,290262,7255
Total Casualties • 14 million killed in war • 20 million wounded