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Europeans Look Outward Chapter 9 Section 3

Europeans Look Outward Chapter 9 Section 3. The World in 1050. During this time, the Muslims were in control of a large area which extended from Spain to India; traders from that group traveled across different lands like West Africa and Asia and spread ideas throughout their journeys

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Europeans Look Outward Chapter 9 Section 3

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  1. EuropeansLook OutwardChapter 9 Section 3

  2. The World in 1050 • During this time, the Muslims were in control of a large area which extended from Spain to India; traders from that group traveled across different lands like West Africa and Asia and spread ideas throughout their journeys • A number system was devised by Indian mathematicians which was later adapted by the Arabs who handed it down to the Europeans • The invention of paper, gunpowder, printing, and paper money were among many of the technological and practical advances made by the Chinese • The Soninke people (West Africa) constructed a large Ghanaian trading empire, and traded goods as far away as Europe and the Middle East • Two American civilizations (the Mayas and Peruvian Native Americans) built great empires as well as fancy artwork

  3. The Crusades • The Council of Clermont, which was held in 1095, took place between the clergymen and nobility; there Pope Urban II convinced them to start the wars known as the Crusades • There were various reasons for wanting to start the war; knights desired greater respect and excitement, but the pope wanted the Europeans to reclaim their stolen land from the Turks, heal the schism (split) between the Roman and Byzantine churches, and prevent Christian from fighting Christian • In the First Crusade, Jerusalem was conquered by Christian knights, causing many Muslim and Jewish occupants to be murdered • In the Third Crusade, the Christians lost Jerusalem to the Muslims and in the Fourth Crusade, the Muslims emerged as the triumphant ones

  4. The Crusades Affects Europe • A strong feeling of enmity (hostility) remained between the two religions, which usually ended in bloodshed • Trade became larger, and a money economy grew as well; it soon replaced hard work as a major form of payment • There was more power given to feudal rulers who could justify tax collection as an aide for the Crusades; the battles did not help the schism, though • Later, world exploration inspired a small group of Europeans (like Marco Polo) to travel to distant, foreign lands unknown to this region

  5. The Reconquista in Spain • The Reconquista ( or “reconquest”) was created by many Christian communities who desired to conquer Muslim-conquered kingdoms • They recaptured Toledo (in Spain) in 1085 • Isabella and Ferdinand helped these communities reconquer Granada (also in Spain) in 1492 • Religious toleration ceased under Isabella, who was backed by the Inquisition (a Church court) and led a struggle against non-Christians

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