1. How many continents are there? 2. Name the 7 continents.

1. 1. How many continents are there? • 2. Name the 7 continents. • 3. What is the name of the land mass that Europe and Asia is often referred to? • 7 • North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica • Eurasia

2. 4. Name the eight geographic regions of North America. • 5. Name the geographic region described: • Located along the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico• Broad lowland providing many excellent harbors • Coastal Plain, Appalachian Mountains, Canadian Shield, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, Basin and Range, and Coastal Range. • Coastal Plain

3. 6. Name the geographic region described: • Located west of Coastal Plain • Old, eroded mountains (oldest mountain range in North America) • 7. Name the geographic region described: • Wrapped around Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape• Hills worn by erosion and hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers• Holds some of the oldest rock formations in North America • Appalachian Mountains • Canadian Shield

4. 8. Name the geographic region described: • Located west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Great Plains• Rolling flatlands with many rivers, broad river valleys, and grassy hills • 9. Name the geographic region described: • Located west of Interior Lowlands and east of the Rocky Mountains • Flat land that gradually increases in elevation westward; grasslands • Interior Lowlands • Great Plains

5. 10. Name the geographic region described: • Located west of the Great Plains • Rugged mountains with high elevations• Contains the Continental Divide, which determines the directional flow of rivers • 11. Name the geographic region described: • Located west of Rocky Mountains •  Contains Death Valley, the lowest point in North America • Rocky Mountains • Basin and Range

6. 12. Name the geographic region described: • Rugged mountains along the Pacific Coast • Fertile valleys 13. This ocean served as the highway for explorers. • 14. This river was the gateway to the west. • Coastal Range • Atlantic Ocean • Ohio River

7. 15. Inland port cities grew in the Midwest along these lakes. 16. These rivers were the transportation arteries for farm and industrial products. 17. This river was explored by Lewis and Clark. • Great Lakes • Mississippi and Missouri • Columbia

8. 18. This river was explored by the Spanish. 19. This river forms the border with Mexico. 20. This body of water provided the French and Spanish with exploration routes to Mexico and  other parts of America • Colorado River • Rio Grande • Gulf of Mexico

9. 21. These Indians lived in Alaska and northern Canada in Arctic areas where the temperature is below freezing. 22. These Indians lived in the Pacific Northwest coast, where the climate was rainy and mild. 23. These Indians lived on the Great Plains which is covered by dry grasslands. 24. These Indians lived in the Southwest in present-day New Mexico and Arizona, in desert areas bordering cliffs and mountains. • Inuit • Kwakiutl • Sioux • Pueblo

10. 25. These Indians lived in the heavily forested Eastern Woodland in the Northeast. 26. What factors greatly affected the way each of the American Indian groups lived, found food, and built shelters? 27. Why did European countries compete for power in North America? • Iroquois • Geography and climate • Gold, God, Glory

11. 28. Who explored eastern Canada for England? •  29. Who established the French settlement of Quebec (Canada)? • 30.  Who claimed the Mississippi River Valley for France? • John Cabot • Samuel de Champlain • Robert LaSalle

12. 33. What regions of the world were explored by Portugal? 34. How did the American Indians  and the Spanish interact with each other? 35. How did the American Indians  and the French interact with each other? • The Portuguese explored and traded in  West Africa. • – Conquered and enslaved American Indians; Brought Christianity, diseases • – Established trading posts– Spread Christian religion

13. 36. How did the Indians and the English interact? • 37. In what areas did the Europeans and Indians cooperate? • 38. What were some of the areas of conflict between the Indians and t Europeans? • Claimed ownership of land Learned farming techniques from American Indians • Sharing of technologies like weapons and farm tools; • Land, • Competition • Cultures• Disease• Language

14. 39. Where were the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were located? • 40. What goods did the Portuguese trade with the West African empires? • 41. Why were colonies established? • West Africa • Traded metals, cloth, and manufactured goods for gold • Religious and Economic reasons

15. 51. Why did the Virginia Company establish Jamestown? • 52. Why did the Pilgrims establish Plymouth colony? • 53. Who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony ? • 54. Who established the Pennsylvania colony? • Economic reasons • Escaping religious persecution • Puritans • Quakers

16. 55. Who settled Georgia and why? • 56. Which colony was the first permanent English settlement in North America? • 57. Which colony was the "lost colony". • 58. Where did the Quakers settle? • People who had been in debtors prisons; economic • Jamestown • Roanoke Island • Pennsylvania

17. 59. Name the four New England colonies. • 60. Name the four Mid-Atlantic colonies. • 61. Name the five Southern colonies. • New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut • New Jersey, Delaware,  Pennsylvania, New York • Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

18. 62. Which group of colonies had fishing, shipbuilding, and naval supplies? • 63. Which group of colonies had a diverse population? • 64. Which group of colonies had humid climate and produced rich crops of cotton and tobacco? • 65. Which group of colonies met in town meetings? • New England • Mid-Atlantic • South • New England

19. 66. These people worked as craftsmen in towns and on plantations. • 67. These people worked as caretakers, house-workers, homemakers. They could not vote and had few chances for an education. • 68. These people did not have money for passage to the colonies and agreed to work without pay for the person who paid for their passage. • Artisans • Women • Indentured Servants

20. 69. This English philosopher's ideas about government helped shape the thinking of revolutionary leaders. • 70. What were some of John Locke's ideas? • John Locke • People have natural rights to life, liberty, and property; Government is created to protect the rights of people; has only the powers the people consent to give it.

21. 71. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? • 72. What ideas about government were expressed in the Declaration of Independence? • Thomas Jefferson • • People have “certain unalienable rights” to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness; we establish government to protect rights; • Government derives power from usPeople have a right and a duty to change a government that violates their rights.

22. 73. Who was an outspoken member of the  House of Burgesses who inspired colonial patriotism with his “Give me liberty or give me death” speech? • 74. Who was a journalist, and the author of Common Sense? • 75. Who was a prominent member of Continental Congress who helped frame the Declaration of Independence? • Patrick Henry • Thomas Paine • Benjamin Franklin

23. 76. Meeting in which delegates from all colonies met to discuss problems with England: • 77. The first battle of the Revolutionary War was the: • 78. Colonies signed the Declaration of Independence on: • First Continental Congress • Lexington and Concord • July 4, 1776

24. 79. This American victory was the turning point in the Revolutionary War. • 80. This was the colonial victory over forces of Lord Cornwallis that marked the end of the Revolutionary War. • 81. England recognized American independence in this treaty. • Battle of Saratoga • Surrender at Yorktown • Treaty of Paris

25.  82. A constitution written during the Revolution to establish the powers of the new national government was called: • 83. What were the basic weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? • 84. What kind of system of government did the Constitution establish? • Articles of Confederation • Weak national government; • Gave Congress no power to tax or regulate commerce ; no common currency; Gave each state one vote regardless of size; no executive or judicial branch • A federal system

26. 85. What is a federal system of government? 86. What are some of the basic principals of our government? 87. What was the plan for a new national government written by James Madison that called for three separate branches of government? • A system that divides powers between the national government and the governments of the states • Separation of powers Checks and balances • Virginia Plan

27. 88. What are the three separate branches of government? 89. What is the job of the Legislative Branch? 90. What is the job of the Executive Branch? 91. What is the job of the Judicial Branch? 92. What is the legislative branch of the federal government? • - Legislative Branch – Judicial Branch – Executive Branch • to make laws • to carry out laws • To determine if laws are constitutional • Congress

28. What are the 2 chambers in the legislative branch? • What chamber is determined by equal representation? • How many Senators are there per state in the Senate? • In the House of Representatives, the number of each state's representatives is based on: • Which branch of government is the Supreme Court part of? • Senate and House of Representatives • Senate • 2 • State’s population • Judicial Branch

29. Who is head of the Executive Branch? • The structure of the new national government was based on James Madison’s “Virginia Plan.”  What idea did the Virginia Plan contribute? 100. Who wrote the Virginia Plan? • The President • The idea of 3 separate branches of government. • James Madison

30. What are “checks and balances”? • Why did Samuel Adams and Paul Revere lead patriots in throwing tea into Boston Harbor during the Boston Tea Party? • What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called? • Each branch of government can check the power of the other.• These checks keep any one branch from gaining too much power. • to protest tea taxes • Bill of Rights

31. 104. Who was the author of the Bill of Rights? 105. What does the Bill of Rights do? 106. What are some of the individual rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? 107. What political party did Alexander Hamilton lead? • James Madison • It provides a written guarantee of individual rights • freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion • Federalist Party

32. 108. What political party did Thomas Jefferson lead? 109. Which party favored strong national government, limits on states’ powers, development of industry, a national bank? 110. Which party favored weak national government, supported state’s powers, small business and farmers, opposed a national bank? • Democratic Republicans • Federalist Party • Democratic Republicans

33. 111. Who were the first five presidents? 112. All of the first five presidents were Virginians except: 113. What were some of George Washington's accomplishments • George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson,  James Madison, John Monroe • John Adams • • Federal court system was established.• Political parties grew out of the disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson over the proper role of the national government. • The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.• Plans were initiated for development of the national capital in Washington, D.C.

34. 114. Who was an African American astronomer and surveyor that helped complete the design for Washington, D.C.? 115. A two-party system emerged during the presidency of: 116. What were some of the accomplishments of Jefferson's presidency? • Benjamin Banneker • John Adams • • He bought Louisiana from France (Louisiana Purchase).• Lewis and Clark explored this new land west of the Mississippi River

35. 117. During whose presidency, did the War of l812 caused European nations to gain respect for the United States? 118. What was one of James Monroe's accomplishments? 119. What does the Monroe Doctrine do? 120. What happened in the United States between 1801 and 1861? • James Madison • Monroe Doctrine • It warns European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere • vast territorial expansion and settlement.

36. 121. What new territories were added to the United States between 1801 and 1861? 122. Where did Lewis and Clark explore?  123. What did Spain give to the United States through a treaty? 124. What was added to the U.S. after it became an independent republic? • Louisiana PurchaseFlorida, Texas, Oregon, California • The Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean • Florida • Texas

37. 125. What territory was divided by the United States and Great Britain? 126. After the War with Mexico, what was added to the U.S.? 127. What general factors influenced westward migration? 128. What trail would take people northwest? • Oregon • California and the southwest territory • Geography and economic opportunity • Oregon Trail

38. 129. What specific factors influenced westward migration? 130. What were examples of economic opportunities in the west? 131. What made transportation cheaper and faster? • Population growth in the east • *availability of cheap, fertile land • *economic opportunities • *freedom for runaway slaves • *cheaper and faster transportation • *knowledge of overland trails • *belief in Manifest Destiny • California Gold Rush • Logging • Farming • Freedom for runaway slaves • Erie Canal • Steamboats • Steam Locomotives

39. 132. What trail would take people southwest? 133. What is Manifest Destiny? 134. Prior to the Civil War, where did most industrialization in the U.S. take place? 135. What area in the U.S. did the equipment that was produced in the North have the most impact? • Santa Fe Trail • The idea that expansion was for the good and the right of our country • North • South

40. 136. What were the four inventions that affected the lives of Americans? 137. What was the result of the invention of the cotton gin? 138. Who invented the cotton gin? 139. What was the result of the invention of the reaper? • Cotton gin, reaper, steamboat, steam locomotive • Increased the production of cotton and the need for slave labor. • Eli Whitney • Increased the productivity of the American farmer.

41. 140. What was the result of the steamboat? 141. What was the result of the invention of the steam locomotive? 142. What did abolitionists believe about slavery? • It provided faster river transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries. • Provided faster land transportation. • slavery was morally wrong *slavery was cruel and inhumane *slavery was a violation of the principles of democracy

42. 143. What were the main ideas expressed during the suffrage movement? 144. What was the biggest issue that divided the nation leading up to the Civil War? 145. What are tariffs? 146. Why did the North want tariffs on imported goods? • women were deprived of the basic rights such as the right to vote *women were denied educational opportunities, especially higher education *women were denied equal opportunities in business *women had limited rights to own property • Slavery • Taxes on imported goods • To protect factory owners and workers from foreign competition

43. 147. Why did the South oppose tariffs? 148. Name 3 issues that divided the North and the South? 149. Name 3 compromises that attempted to resolve differences over slavery in new states joining the Union. • Tariffs would cause prices of goods to increase.  • 1. slavery; 2. tariffs; 3. cultural differences (urban society vs. agricultural society);4. states' rights vs. strong central government • Missouri Compromise (1820);Compromise of l850;Kansas-Nebraska Act

44. 150. What was the result of the Missouri Compromise (1820)? 151. What was the result of the Compromise of l850? 152. What was the result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? 153. What event marked the beginning of the Civil War? • Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine, as a free state. • California would be a free state. The Southwest territories would decide about slavery themselves. • People in these territories would decide the slavery issue by popular vote ("popular sovereignty"). • Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, in South Carolina