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1st World War in history Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII

1st World War in history Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII Total war Involved 60 nations and 6 continents. Cost of War $400 billion $10 million dollars an hour 16 million deaths First war of the Industrial Revolution ……

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1st World War in history Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII

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  1. 1st World War in history • Great War or War to End all War • Not called WWI until after WWII • Total war • Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

  2. Cost of War • $400 billion • $10 million dollars an hour • 16 million deaths • First war of the Industrial Revolution…… • New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting

  3. world map

  4. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  5. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  6. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  7. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  8. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  9. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  10. Trench Warfare

  11. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

  12. TRENCH WARFARE

  13. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  14. The Zeppelin

  15. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  16. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  17. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Nationalism • Countries proud of their heritage and culture • Similar topatriotism • Ethnic groups of similar heritage wanted to free their oppressed brethren and unite their people into one country • Germany wanted to expand its culture and political influence throughout Europe.

  18. franz ASSASSINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI. Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule.

  19. alliances1 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethic groups. • Serbian nationalists wanted to untie Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia. • This led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Saravejo

  20. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Imperialism • France, Great Britain, Germany and Russia were establishing colonies in Africa and Asia • economic and political control over other countries…… • these countries were in competition for colonies

  21. Cartoon-European grab bag COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900

  22. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Militarism • European nations began an arms race as they competed for colonies around the world……

  23. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Russia] in millions of dollars. By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into the 3rd largest naval fleet in the world….The Great White Fleet

  24. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Alliances • European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power …….. • Triple Alliance Triple EntenteCentral PowersAllied Powers • Germany Great Britain Austria-Hungary Empire FranceBulgaria Russia

  25. alliances1 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • June 28Assassination at Sarajevo • July 28Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • July 30Russia began mobilization • 4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia

  26. alliances2 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • August 3Germany declared war on France • 6. August 3Great Britain declared war on Germany • August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war. • August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary

  27. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers Central Powers Great Britain Germany Austrian-Hungarian Empire France Russia Turkey Italy

  28. GERMAN INVASION OF BELGIUM battle fronts • German invasion in August of 1914, through Belgium to conquer France. • Gave French and British militaries enough time to mobilize their army • Belgium puts up a strong fight. • 1st Battle of the Marne River, France and Great Britain stop Germany from capturing Paris. • France, England and Germany involve itself in trench warfare from 1914 to 1918

  29. battle fronts

  30. STALEMATE AND WARFARE Stalemate • By September 1914, the war had reached a stalemate, a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage. • When a French and British force stopped a German advance near Paris, both sides holed up in trenches separated by an empty “no man’s land.” Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties. • Both sides continued to add new allies, hoping to gain an advantage. Modern Warfare • Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines used in WW I. • Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy. • As morale fell, the lines between soldiers and civilians began to blur. The armies began to burn fields, kill livestock, and poison wells.

  31. US IN 1914 • Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before WWI began in Europe. • Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912. • Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe. • US was officially NEUTRAL

  32. notes2 US POLICY BEFORE WWI • US believed • It had the right to trade with the warring nations • Warring nations must respect ourneutrality • in the freedom of the seas • German submarine warfare and British blockade violated our neutrality

  33. SUBMARINE WARFARE • The Germans could not match Great Britain's superior navy. • Germans introduced unrestricted submarine warfare with U-Boats • Germans warned the world they would sink any ship they believed was carrying contraband to Great Britain.

  34. U-Boats • Two types • small subs with a crew of 24 • larger subs with a crew of 60 • 44 by 1918 • By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied ships.

  35. Lusitania ad

  36. war zone

  37. SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA • May 7, 1915, the Germans sunk the Lusitania which was British passenger liner. • Germans believed it was carrying contraband (weapons) to the British. • Killed 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans. • U.S. and other countries outraged towards Germany because of “unrestricted submarine warfare”. • US believed the Germans had violated international law of targeting civilians

  38. Lusitania

  39. SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA • After the sinking of the Lusitania, public opinion of most Americans was to go to war with Germany. • Germany promised they would not sink anymore ships unless warning them first and providing safety for civilians. • BUT, President Wilson was able “keep us out of war” ….

  40. ZIMMERMAN NOTE Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of Februarywe intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfare. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement.... You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with zimmerman notes

  41. ZIMMERMAN NOTE with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. Zimmerman (Secretary of State) zimmerman notes

  42. zimmerman code

  43. WILSON'S WAR SPEECH When German submarines sank three American merchant ships in March 1917, Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war.

  44. Wilson's War Speech April 8, 1917, the US declares war on Germany. The new German policy has swept every restriction aside. Vessels of every kind….have been ruthlessly sent to the bottom without warning and without thought of help or mercy for those on board….The present German submarine war…..is a war against all nations….Our motive will not be revenge or the victorious assertion of the physical might of the nation, but on the vindication of right, of human right…. We are…..the sincere friends of the German people…..We shall, happily, still have an opportunity to prove that friendship in our daily attitude and actions towards the millions of men and women of

  45. Wilson's War Speech German birth and native sympathy who live amongst us and share our life…... There are……many months of fiery trial and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance. But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts……democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right…..as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world safe for democracy.

  46. Wilson's War Speech To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured.

  47. Principles Fought For • The right is more precious than peace • war to end all war • The world must be safe for democracy. • defend human rights • defend our trade • neutrality • freedom of the seas • violation of international law

  48. The YanksAre Coming!

  49. pershing AMERICAN EXPEDTIONARY FORCES General John J. Pershing, commanding general of the AEF. Referred to as the Doughboys and Yanks. 2 million in France by Sept. 1918

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