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Tissues

Tissues. Chapter 3. Connective Tissue Function. Support for entire body Transports fluid and dissolved material Protects and provides structure for viscera Protects and provides structure for surrounding tissues Nutrient and mineral storage Defends body from pathogens.

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues Chapter 3

  2. Connective Tissue Function • Support for entire body • Transports fluid and dissolved material • Protects and provides structure for viscera • Protects and provides structure for surrounding tissues • Nutrient and mineral storage • Defends body from pathogens

  3. Connective Tissue Characteristics • Most abundant & widespread tissue type • Never exposed to body surface • Comprised of 3 components • Specialized cells • Extracellular Protein fibers • Contributes to matrix • Ground substance • Contributes to matrix

  4. Connective Tissue Characteristics • No cellularity- extracellular matrix • No polarity • Innervated & vascular • Physical & functional support • Variable matrix consistency amongst tissue types • Fluid -semi-solid • Semi-fluid -solid

  5. Connective Tissue Types

  6. Lacks Exposure NO Polarity

  7. Components • Specialized cells • Vary by tissue type ex. Fibroblast, chondrocyte • Matrix • Extracellular protein fibers • Ground substance (fluid)

  8. Specialized Cell Types • Fibroblasts • Macrophages • Lymphocytes • Mesenchymal • Adipocyte • Melanocyte

  9. Fibroblasts • Most abundant cell • Secretes • Protein fibers • Proteoglycans • Matrix • Hyaluronan • Function • Maintains matrix

  10. Macrophages • Immune cell • Function to engulf damaged cells & pathogens • Signal immune system

  11. Lymphocytes • Immune cell (Wandering cells) • Functions in immune responses

  12. Mesenchymal • Connective tissue stem cells • Pluripotent- “undetermined” • Differentiates into other cell types • Adult Stem cell • Function- • Replacement & repair in adult tissues • Embryonic development

  13. Adipocyte • Adipocyte • Stores lipid reserves • Function- support, protection, energy reserves & insulation

  14. Melanocyte • Synthesize & secrete brown pigment • Melanin • Function- protection from UV, coloration

  15. Matrix • Ground substance • Vary in viscosity • Fluid to solid • Contains • Hyaluronan • viscosity • Proteoglycans • consistency • Glycoproteins • consistency

  16. Protein fibers • Collagen • Reticular • Elastic

  17. Collagen fibers • “Colla” = glue • Most common matrix fiber type • Long, straight, unbranched & thick chains • Strongest • High tensile strength • Resistant to pulling • Flexible • 25% of the body’s protein

  18. Reticular fibers • Similar to Collagen • Collagen proteins • Thinner & branched • Not as strong but more flexible • Creates 3-D net of tensile strength • Ex organs like liver, spleen

  19. Elastic fibers • Bundles of elastic protein • elastin • Thin, branching, wavy, dk stain • Highly distensible • 150x original length • LOW tensile strength • High Recoil

  20. Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

  21. Connective Tissue Categories • Connective tissue proper • Loose • dense • Fluid connective tissue • Blood • lymph • Supporting connective tissue • Cartilage • Bone

  22. Connective Tissue Proper • Mixture of specialized cells and protein fibers • Viscous ground substance • 2 main types • Loose connective tissue proper • Dense connective tissue proper

  23. Loose Connective Tissue Proper • Matrix is loose open framework • Spaces often visible • Least specialized tissue • “Packing” material • Contains specialized cells, protein fibers, & is well vascularized • Separates skin from muscle • Protection & motility • Supports epithelium • May store fat • Ex areolar, adipose, reticular

  24. Areolar Tissue • Least specialized • Lots of space • Viscous matrix • Padding and separation of tissue layers

  25. Adipose Tissue • High proportion of adipocytes • Padding, insulation, shock absorption

  26. Reticular Tissue • Contain reticular fibers • Forms 3D nature of soft organs

  27. Dense Connective Tissue Proper • Dense compact matrix • High proportion of collagen fibers • High tensile strength • No to little visible space • Function for attachment, stabilization • Dense regular • Ex tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis • Dense irregular • Dermis of skin

  28. Dense Regular Connective Tissue Proper

  29. Dense Regular Connective Tissue Proper

  30. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Proper

  31. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Proper

  32. Fluid Connective Tissue • Specialized cells- • Ex. Red & white blood cells, platelets • Lymph, lymphocytes • Copious fluid extracellular matrix • Low viscosity • Plasma • Lymph • Dissolved protein • Fibrin • Primarily functional role • Ex blood & lymph

  33. Supporting Connective Tissue • Physical framework • Less diverse cell types • Matrix of dense protein fibers • Ground substance relatively solid • Cells reside in Lacuna(e) • Two categories • Cartilage • Bone

  34. Cartilage • “chondros” = cartilage • Specialized cells • Chondrocytes • Protein fibers • Collagen fibers • Elastic fibers • Physical properties depend on matrix composition • Ground substance • Chondroitin sulfate adds viscosity

  35. General Cartilage Characteristics • Avascular • diffusion • Dense ground substance- • resists compression • resilient • Perichondrium • Dense CT proper • Support, protection, attachment • Cellular layer • Growth & maintenance • Absent on articular carilage • 3 cartilage types • Fibrocartilage • Hyaline cartilage • Elastic cartilage

  36. Cartilage avascular perichondrium No polarity

  37. Fibrocartilage • Strongest cartilage • Compression, tear resistance, strong attachment • Matrix • Chondrocytes visible • Densely packed collagen fibers • Little ground substance • Function • Cushion & shock absorption • Prevent bone-bone contact • Location • Pelvis, intervertebral disks, knee joint

  38. Fibrocartilage

  39. Hyaline Cartilage • Hyalos= “glass” • Tough but flexible • Most abundant cartilage • Weakest cartilage • Matrix • Collagen & chondroitin • shiny • Function • Support, friction reduction • Location • Bone ends, rib ends, nasal septum, airways

  40. Hyaline Cartilage

  41. Elastic Cartilage • High concentration of elastic fibers • Most distensible • Matrix • Elastic fibers • chondrocytes • Location • Epiglottis, outer ear, larynx cartilage

  42. Elastic Cartilage

  43. Elastic Cartilage

  44. Bone • Osteo = “bone” • Aka osseous tissue • Vascular • Dynamic • Support, protection, blood cell formation, mineral & energy storage, levers • Solid bone matrix

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