TYPES OF MOTION

1. TYPES OF MOTION What are the different types of motion?

2. Simple harmonic motion  a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement. Examples: • Uniform circular motion • one-dimensional projection • An undamped spring–mass system • undergoes simple harmonic motion.

3. Mass on a simple pendulum • The motion of an undamped Pendulumapproximates to simple harmonic motion if the amplitude is very small relative to the length of the rod.

4. Linear motion  (also called rectilinear motion) is motion along a straight line, and can therefore be described mathematically using only one spatial dimension. Example: The linear motion system plays a vital role in any linear CNC machine, and CNC routers are no exception. Without these systems coupled with a drive system, a CNC router would be of little use. • types: • uniform linear motion, with constant velocity or zero acceleration; • non uniform linear motion, with variable velocity or non-zero acceleration.

5. Reciprocating motion It is also called reciprocation, is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth motion. It is found in a wide range of mechanisms, including reciprocating engines and pumps. The two opposite motions that comprise a single reciprocation cycle are called strokes. Example: Machine demonstrating conversion of rotary motion to reciprocating motion using gears. The bottom pair of gears drives the mechanism.

6. Brownian motion Brownian motion (named after the botanist Robert Brown) or pedesis (fromGreek: "leaping") is the presumably random drifting of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) or the mathematical model used to describe such random movements, which is often called a particle theory. ILLUSTRATION

7. Circular motion A movement of an object along the circumference of a circleor rotation along a circular path or a circular orbit. It can be uniform, that is, with constant angular rate of rotation (and thus constant speed), or non-uniform, that is, with a changing rate of rotation. Rotation around a fixed axis The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body involves circular motion of its parts. An example of rotation. Each part of the worm drive—both the worm and the worm gear—is rotating on its own axis.

8. Curvilinear motion • An object moving in a curvedpath. Curvilinear motion describes the motion of a moving particle that conforms to a known or fixed curve. The study of such motion involves the use of two such co-ordinate systems with the first being Planar motion and the latter being Cylindrical Motion. • Example: Astone thrown into the air in an angle. • Types of Curvilinear motion • Planar Motion • Cylindrical Components

9. Rotation A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a center (or point) of rotation. A three dimensional object rotates always around an imaginary line called a rotation axis. A polyhedron resembling a sphere rotating around an axis.

10. Scalar Scalar SCALAR In physics, a scalar is a simple physical quantity that is not changed by coordinate system rotations or translations (in Newtonian mechanics), or by Lorentz transformations or space-time translations (in relativity). This is in contrast to a vector. A related concept is a pseudoscalar, which is invariant under proper rotations but (like a pseudovector) flips sign under improper rotations.

11. Some examples of scalars include the mass, charge, or the temperature, or electric potential at a point inside a medium. The distance between two points in three-dimensional space is a scalar, but the direction from one of those points to the other is not, since describing a direction requires two physical quantities such as the angle on the horizontal plane and the angle away from that plane. Force cannot be described using a scalar, since force is composed of direction and magnitude, however, the magnitude of a force alone can be described with a scalar, for instance the gravitationalforce acting on a particle is not a scalar, but its magnitude is. The speed of an object is a scalar (e.g. 180 km/h), while its velocity is not (i.e. 180 km/h north).

12. Examples of scalar quantities in • Newtonian mechanics: • electric charge and charge density • An example of a pseudo scalar is the scalar triple product (see vector), and thus the signed volume. Another example is magnetic charge (as it is mathematically defined, regardless of whether it actually exists physically).

13. VECTOR A vector quantity is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Velocity, acceleration, and force are examples of vector quantities.

14. Vector Quantities Avector quantity is defined as a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.  To work with vector quantities, one must know the method for representing these quantities. Magnitude, or  "size” of  a  vector,  is  also referred to as the vector's "displacement."  It can be thought of as the scalar portion of the vector and is represented by the length of the vector.    By  definition,  a  vector  has    both magnitude and direction.  Direction indicate show the vector is oriented relative to some reference axis, as shown in Figure

15. 1.Using  north/south  and  east/west  reference axes,   vector "A" is oriented in the NE quadrant with a direction of 45  north of theoEW  axis. Giving  direction  to  scalar "A” makes  it  a  vector. The length  of  "A"  is Representative of its magnitude or displacement.

16. The two opposite motions that comprise a single reciprocation cycle are called______ repeated motion such as up and down or back and forth Two types of curvilinear motion a circular movement of an object around a center Example of this is A stone thrown into the air in an angle. The Greek name of this motion is PEDESIS Who is the botanist that related to the motion of preceding no. (#7) is a simple physical quantity that is not changed by coordinate system rotations also called rectilinear motion