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1. General Writing Practical Writing Return to Menu

2. Composing an Expository Essay Exposition is an essay intended to give information about or an explanation of a particular object or issue. Generally speaking, there are various techniques, such as illustration, comparison and contrast, classification, definition, informative provision and so on, which can be employed to compose an exposition essay. Also, the format of an exposition essay typically follows the line of definitionclassificationfurther detailsconclusion. A good exposition essay always possesses the characteristics of clarity, coherence and accuracy.

3. Social Security in the US Social Security are public programs designed to provide income and services to individuals in the event of retirement, disability, or unemployment. In the United States, the programs were established in 1935 under the Social Security Act, which was a comprehensive law consisting of 11 titles, orsubjects. Definition Illustration Classification Example Exercises

4. However, the six original programs of Social Security Act have been modified by the U.S. government for more than 20 times since its inception in 1935. And the programs associated with Social Security include Old-Age, Survivors’, and Disability Insurance (OASDI); Medicare; Unemployment Compensation; and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Example Exercises

5. Let’s make a further study of OASDI, which became synonymous with the term social security to most Americans. Financing for the cash benefits for OASDI comes from earmarked payroll taxes levied on employees, their employers, and the self-employed. The rate of these contributions is based on the taxable earnings of employees. Those who earned low wages or salaries receive a larger percentage of their former income in benefits than do recipients who had higher incomes. Informative provision Example Exercises

6. The layout of the passage above: Social Security in the US I. General information about Social Security in the US A) Definition B) Establishment and composition II. Programs of Social Security A) Modification of programs B) Classification of programs III. Further information on OASDI A) Financial source of OASDI B) Rate of the contribution Exercises

7. EXERCISES Exercise 16

8. Ex. 17. Write an expository essay with the title “Social Security in China.” You may write your essay according to the outline is listed below, or with the information you got from your own research. While writing, try to apply the techniques we discussed above. Social Security in China 1.中国社保的范围 2.中国社保的资金来源 3.中国社保面临的主要问题

9. The modern Social Security System in China began to function in 1986. It covers ________________________________________________________________________ Within the system, employees and enterprises must jointly bear the cost of the insurance ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ While the government plans for a uniform retirement system, problems still remain. _______ _______________________________________________________________________________ Reference

10. Social Security in China The modern Social Security System in China began to function in 1986, which covers an array of employment benefits including unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, minimum wage levels and labor management relations. It has ambitious provisions for a comprehensive pension system for all Chinese workers. Within the system, employees and enterprises must jointly bear the cost of the insurance, and premiums paid by workers must gradually increase. Provincial and municipal governments will determine the actual amount of the increase. However, the cost to workers is not uniform throughout the country. In Beijing, workers

11. have had to contribute as much as 5 percent of their wages, while workers elsewhere have contributed an average of 2 or 3 percent. While the government plans for a uniform retirement system, problems still remain. Confusion about the retirement scheme abounds, and workers have not necessarily adapted to the new system with enthusiasm. A survey found that only 45 percent of the 6.6 million urban workers had joined a pension plan. Many workers simply do not understand how the new system works. This lack of understanding is the main problem faced by the government.

12. Filling Out an Insurance Policy An insurance policy is a kind of legal contract signed between the applicant or “the insured” and the insurance company. In order to have your life or property insured, you have to take out a particular kind of policy, by which a claim can be made in case actual loss or damage occurs. An insurance policy usually contains the following items of information: 1. the applicant’s personal information 2. the information of the object insured 3. the value insured 4. the expiry date 5. other related information The following are samples of a marine insurance policy/certificate and an aviation passenger accident insurance policy.

13. Sample The People’s Insurance Company of China Head Office: Beijing Established in 1949 Invoice No. 198 Certificate of Insurance Certificate No. 168 Assured: China National Native Produce & Animal By-Products Import $ Export Corp. Chengdu Branch We have this day noted a risk as hereunder mentioned subject to all clauses and conditions of the Company’s printed form of policy and to the terms outlined herein, which shall override the policy terms in so far as they may be inconsistent therewith (To be continued on next page.)

14. Sample Total amount insured: RMB 12000 Premium: As agreed Per conveyance S.S: Dongfeng Sailing on or about: July 5, 2001 from Shanghai to Tokyo Conditions &/or Special coverage Covering with average (W. A.) and War Risks (W. R.) Claims, if any, payable to the Holder of the appertaining documents and on surrender of this Certificate (To be continued on next page.)

15. Sample In the event of accident whereby loss or damage may result in a claim under this Certificate immediate notice applying for survey must be given to the Company’s Agent as mentioned hereunder: Mr. John Brooks, Manager of the Strait Insurance Company, 204 Green Street, Tokyo, Japan Claim payable at: Tokyo Address of Issuing Office: The People’s Insurance Company of China, Chengdu Branch, 25 Yangxi Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, the People’s Republic of China Dated: May 12, 2001 At Chengdu Exercises

16. Sample Note Covering With average (W.A.) and War Risks 水渍险和战争险 Exercises

17. Sample 2 No. 0007227303 5 AVIATION PASSENGER ACCIDENT INSURANCE POLICY SEAL SIGNATURE & DATE Exercises

18. Sample 2 Indemnity Scale (Omitted) Note: In case the insured sustains injury (excluding the Items in the Scale above) and medical treatment is necessitated, the medical bills incurred will be reimbursed up to a maximum of RMB 20 000. Exercises

19. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. You are a clerk in The People’s Insurance Company of China, Shanghai Branch. You received the letter below applying for insurance. Please fill in the Insurance Policy according to the letter. Oct 20th, 2002 The People’s Insurance Company of China Shanghai Branch Shanghai Dear Sir:

20. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. Please issue a Marine Insurance Policy in 3 copies as follows: Policy in name of China National Light Industrial Products Import & Export Corp. Shanghai Branch Valued at US$ 100 000 Per S.S. “Fengshou” Sailing on December 10th, 2002 Terms: All risks Claims payable at: Shanghai

21. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. Yours faithfully Wang Daming Manager of Sales Dept.

22. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. The People’s Insurance Company of China Head Office: Beijing Established in 1949 Invoice No. 198 Certificate of Insurance Certificate No. 168 Assured: ________________________________________________ We have this day noted a risk as hereunder mentioned subject to all clauses and conditions of the Company’s printed form of policy and to the terms outlined herein, which shall override the policy terms in so far as they may be inconsistent therewith

23. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. Total amount insured: ____________ Premium: ____________ Per conveyance S.S: ____________ Sailing on or about: ____________

24. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. Conditions &/or Special coverage ___________________________________________________ Claims: if any, payable to the Holder of the appertaining documents and on surrender of this Certificate Claim payable at:_______________________ Address of Issuing Office: The People’s Insurance Company of China, Shanghai Branch, 25 Sichuan Road, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China Dated: _________ At _________ Reference

25. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. The People’s Insurance Company of China Head Office: Beijing Established in 1949 Invoice No. 198 Certificate of Insurance Certificate No. 168 Assured: China National Light Industrial Products Import & Export Corp. Shanghai Branch We have this day noted a risk as hereunder mentioned subject to all clauses and conditions of the Company’s printed form of policy and to the terms outlined herein, which shall override the policy terms in so far as they may be inconsistent therewith

26. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. Total amount insured: US$100000 Premium: Per conveyance S.S: “Fengshou” Sailing on or about: December 10th, 2002

27. Ex. 18Fill in the following insurance policy with the information given below. Conditions &/or Special coverage All risks Claims: if any, payable to the Holder of the appertaining documents and on surrender of this Certificate Claim payable at: Shanghai Address of Issuing Office: The People’s Insurance Company of China, Shanghai Branch, 25 Sichuan Road, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China Dated: Oct 21st, 2002At Shanghai

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