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Enterprise Model Patterns: Describing the World

Enterprise Model Patterns: Describing the World. Level 0: Template, Metadata. David C. Hay. Iowa DAMA August 17, 2010. Essential Strategies, Inc. 13 Hilshire Grove Lane, Houston, TX 77055 (2 (713) 464-8316 . dch @essentialstrategies.com z www.essentialstrategies.com.

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Enterprise Model Patterns: Describing the World

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  1. Enterprise Model Patterns:Describing the World Level 0: Template, Metadata David C. Hay Iowa DAMA August 17, 2010 Essential Strategies, Inc. 13 Hilshire Grove Lane, Houston, TX 77055(2 (713) 464-8316 . dch@essentialstrategies.comz www.essentialstrategies.com

  2. Part One: The Enterprise Model • Abstraction Level 1: The Enterprise Model • People and Organizations (Who?) • Geography (Where?) • Physical Assets (What?) • Activities and Events (How?) • Timing Attributes and Entity Classes (When?) • Abstraction Level 0: • The Template • Metadata • Information Resources (Documents, etc.) • Accounting

  3. 1. Things . . .

  4. Things and Enterprise Entity Classes . . .

  5. 2. Thing Structures . . .

  6. 3. Thing Names and Identifiers . . .

  7. For example, a THING INSTANCE may only have THING IDENTIFIERS that are examples of a THING IDENTIFIER TYPE that is appropriate for the THING SPECIFICATION or the THING TYPE involved. 5. Thing Constraints . . .

  8. A THING CHARACTERISTIC is a property that could also appear as an attribute of THINGINSTANCE or THING SPECIFICATION. To do so would make it difficult to change, however, and would prevent multiple values over time. 6. Thing Characteristics . . .

  9. Business Rule: If THING CHARACTERISTIC VALUE is of a THING CATEGORY, it’s Characteristic Valuemust be theLegal Value of one of the THING CATEGORY’S THING CATEGORY LEGAL VALUES. 7. Thing Categories, etc. . .

  10. A CONTINUOUS THING CHARACTERISTIC may be derived from other THING CHARACTERISTICS using a Reverse Polish Notation structure. This is like the Hewlett Packard calculators. 8. Characteristic Derivations . . .

  11. Reverse Polish Notation . . . • For example: • Degrees Celsius = Degrees Fahrenheit * .55556 - 32

  12. 9. Thing Characteristic Constraints . . .

  13. Metadata models are descriptions that can apply to the entire enterprise model or any part of it. Part One: The Enterprise Model • Abstraction Level 1: The Enterprise Model • Abstraction Level 0: • The Template • Metadata • Information Resources (Documents, etc.) • Accounting

  14. Part One: The Enterprise Model • Abstraction Level 1: The Enterprise Model • Abstraction Level 0: • The Template • Metadata • Information Resources (Documents, etc.) • (The Hay Version) • (The Library of Congress Version) • Accounting

  15. INFORMATION RESOURCE DEFINITION: “Data Model Patterns…” (ISBN: 0-932633-29-3), “U.S. Constitution”, “Dch@essen... to rkh5donkey@yahoo.com” etc. INFORMATION RESOURCE INSTANCE: “Data Model Patterns…” (copy 235), “U.S. Constitution”, (Original in national Achives) “Dch@essen... to rkh5donkey@yahoo.com” “(copy to rkh…)” “(copy to dch…) etc. MEDIUM: “Book”, “Legal document”, “E-mail”, etc. 1. Information Resources . . .

  16. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (Drawing for the International Federation of Library Associations in 1998.)

  17. Definitions . . . • Item – • a physical objectthat has paper pages and a binding and can sometimes be used to prop open a door or hold up a table leg. • a single exemplar of a manifestation • Manifestation – • a “publication” as when we go to a bookstore to purchase a book. We may know its ISBN but the particular copy does not matter as long as it’s in good condition and not missing pages. • the description of the physical embodiment of an expression of a work.

  18. Definitions . . . • Expression – • the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms a particular text in a specific language. • the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms. • Work – • the conceptual content that underlies all of the linguistic versions, the storybeing told in the book, the ideas in a person’s head for the book. • a distinct intellectual or artistic creation.

  19. In the Hay version . . . • Work is represented by Information ResourceDefinition. • Manifestationis (sort of) encompassed in Information Resource Definition. • Expressionis not adequately handled at all. • Item is represented by Information Resource Instance.

  20. You know the difference between a terrorist and a data modeler, of course . . .

  21. INFORMATION RESOURCE RELATIONSHIP: …STRUCTURE: “Data Model Patterns…” || “Chapter 3: The Enterprise” …REFERENCE: “Data Model Patterns…” || “1. R.G. Ross, The Business rule Book” etc. 2. Information Resource Relationships

  22. CONCEPT: “A willingness to lend money (by a bank)” “A structure and associated elements for removing crude oil from the ground (by an oil company).” etc. EXPRESSION: “Facility” “Data Model” “Site” etc. 3. Business Terms . . .

  23. Example of BUSINESS TERM . . . • Facility – “A willingness to lend money.” • Facility – “A structure and associated elements for removing crude oil from the ground.” • Site – “A structure and associated elements for removing crude oil from the ground.” • etc.

  24. NOTE: Anything else in the model can be a MODELED CONCEPT,represented by one or more BUSINESS TERMS. 4. Data Model as Concepts . . .

  25. The fundamental problem . . . (Drawing for the International Federation of Library Associations in 1998.)

  26. The fundamental problem . . . • Items (Information Resource Definitions) are physical resources, like any other Physical Asset, to be inventoried and managed like any other. • Works (Information Resource Instances) may in fact be related to any other entity class in the model (as well, of course to any other work or any party). • The many-to-many relationships hide a much more complex world than it appears.

  27. NOTE: An INFORMATION RESOURCE may be “about” any other ENTITY, ATTRIBUTE, or RELATIONSHIP in the enterprise data model. 5. Descriptions and Topics . . . An INFORMATION RE-SOURCE DESCRIPTION of a DOCUMENT is the metadata (such as “title”, “ISBN”, etc.) that describe the information resource. INFORMATION RE- SOURCE CONTENT is the text that constitutes the resource An INFORMATION RE- SOURCE TOPIC ASSIG- NMENT is a “tag” that categorizes the INFOR-MATION RESOURCE CONTENT.

  28. DISTRIBUTION: “Dch@essen... to rkhdonkey@ yahoo.com copy to rkh” “Dch@essen... to rkhdonkey@yahoo.com” copy to dch” etc. 6. Distributions . . .

  29. 7. Information Resource Roles . . .

  30. 8. Disposition Rules . . .

  31. 9. Actual Dispositions . . .

  32. Part One: The Enterprise Model • Abstraction Level 1: The Enterprise Model • Abstraction Level 0: • The Template • Metadata • Information Resources (Documents, etc.) • Accounting

  33. I know . . . • Everybody (ok, nearly everyone) hates accounting. • It is truly mysterious. • And the source of great shenanigans. • I always thought so. • Until I discovered something . . .

  34. So, let’s learn how to keep the books… The two interesting things about bookkeeping . . . • It is the only word in the English language that contains three sets of double letters next to each other. • It is itself a modeling language. It describes the organization in a formal way. • Luca Pacioli, a monk and collaborator of Leonardo da Vinci, first codified the system in a mathematics textbook of 1494. • Assignment: Invent a way to “model” the assets of the church. • Oh, and we don’t recognize the existence of negative numbers.

  35. Business Rule: The total value of all Asset Account BALANCES must equal • the total value of all Liability Account BALANCES plus • - the total value of all Equity Account BALANCES. About Accounts • An account is a name for a collection of financial quantities • Asset Account – the amount of money or items of value held by the organization. • Liability Account – of the amount of Assets, that amount which was loaned by someone outside the organization. • Equity Account – of the amount of Assets, that amount which is owned by the organization.

  36. In the Federal Government, an ACCOUNT is called a “Fiscal Strip”, an ACCOUNT TYPE is a “Budget Order Class”, and a COST CENTER is called a “Budget Line Item”. 1. Accounts . . .

  37. Business Rule: An ACCOUNT may only be part of a singleACCOUNT STRUCTURE in a particular ROLL-UP SCHEME. 2. Account Structures and Categories . . .

  38. Some Accounting Business Rules . . . • To maintain the equivalence cited above, every transaction must: • Add to an ASSET ACCOUNT andsubtract from an ASSET ACCOUNT, or • Add to an ASSET ACCOUNT andadd to a LIABILITY ACCOUNT or an EQUITY ACCOUNT, or • Subtract from an ASSET ACCOUNT andsubtract from an EQUITY ACCOUNT.

  39. credit credit plus plus debit debit plus debit credit plus minus minus debit minus minus credit debit credit credit plus plus plus debit credit minus minus debit minus Some Accounting Business Rules (cont.) . . . • To do this, it must consist of: • A DEBIT, which either • adds to an ASSET ACCOUNT, <or> • subtracts from a LIABILITY ACCOUNT, <or> • subtracts from an EQUITY ACCOUNT, <and> • A CREDIT, which either • subtracts from an ASSET ACCOUNT, <or> • adds to a LIABILITY ACCOUNT, <or> • adds to an EQUITY ACCOUNT. • Each new BALANCE, then, is created by adding or subtracting from the previous balance according to these rules. Liabil-ity Asset Equity

  40. 3. Accounting Transactions . . .

  41. For example . . . Accounting Transaction Account Credited AccountDebited Transaction“Value” Credit Account/Balance DebitAccount/Balance CashSale Revenue(Equity)+ Cash(Asset)+ 430 6060 1024 Invoice Revenue(Equity)+ Accounts Receivable(Asset)+ 500 6560 1500 Payment Receipt Accounts Receivable (Asset)- Cash(Asset)+ 500 1000 1524

  42. 4. Accounting Rule Entries . . .

  43. For Example . . . Accounting Transaction Type Debit Rule / Account “Plus Indicator” (+/-) Credit Rule / Account “Plus Indicator” (+/-) Invoice Accounts Receivable (Asset) “True” (+) Revenue (Equity “True” (+) Payment Received Cash on hand (Asset) “True” (+) Accounts Receivable (Asset) “False” (-) Purchase Inventory (Asset) “True” (+) Accounts Payable (Liability) “True” (+) Payment Made Accounts Payable (Liability) “False” (-) Cash on Hand (Asset) “False” (-)

  44. 5. Accounting Cost Center Links . . .

  45. More Accounting Cost Center Links . . . ??

  46. 6. Transaction Product Cost Links . . .

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