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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Overview of the Skeleton. The skeletal system includes. Bones of the skeleton Cartilages, ligaments and other connective tissues that stabilize and connect. Functions of the skeletal system. Support Storage of minerals and lipids Blood cell production Protection Leverage.

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Overview of the Skeleton

  2. The skeletal system includes • Bones of the skeleton • Cartilages, ligaments and other connective tissues that stabilize and connect

  3. Functions of the skeletal system • Support • Storage of minerals and lipids • Blood cell production • Protection • Leverage

  4. Subdivisions of the skeleton • Axial • Lies around the body’s center of gravity • Appendicular • Limbs

  5. Bone structure = two types of bone • Compact bone (dense) • Spongy bone (cancellous) • trabecula

  6. Classification of bones • By the shape • Long • Flat • Short • Irregular • Sesamoid • Sutural

  7. Classification of bones

  8. Bone Markings (Surface Features)

  9. Bone markings • Projection that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment: • Tubercle (tubercle of the rib) • Tuberosity (tibialtuberosity) • Trochanter (femur) • Epicondyle (medial epicondyle-femur) • Line (line aspera-femur) • Crest (pubic crest) • Process (spinous process) • Spine (ischial spine)

  10. Bone markings • Projections that help to form joints: • Head (femur) • Facet (costal facet) • Condyle (femur) • Ramus (mandible)

  11. Bone markings • Cavities: • Sinus (maxillary)

  12. Bone markings • Depressions and openings for blood vessels and nerves to pass: • Foramen (ovale) • Meatus (acoustic meatus) • Fissure (orbital) • Fossa (posterior cranial fossa)

  13. A typical long bone includes • Diaphysis • Periosteum • Perforating fibers (Sharpey’s) • Endosteum • Epiphyses • Epiphysial plate • Epiphysial line

  14. A typical long bone includes • Articular cartilage • Marrow cavity • Filled with red or yellow marrow

  15. Bone Structure

  16. Bone Growth at an Epiphyseal Cartilage

  17. Bone Histology

  18. The Histology of Compact Bone

  19. Compact bone • Basic unit of compact bone is an osteon • Osteocytes • Lacunae • Perforating canals (Volkmann’s) • Central canal

  20. Compact bone • Canaliculi • Lamella • Circumferential • Interstitial • Concentric

  21. The Structure of Osseous Tissue

  22. Cartilages of the skeleton • Articular cartilages • Cover movable joints • Costal cartilages • Connects ribs to sternum • Laryngeal cartilage • Nasal cartilage • Tracheal and bronchial cartilages • Intervertebral discs

  23. Cartilages of the skeleton • Classification of cartilages • Hyaline • Elastic • Pina, Epiglotis • Fibrocartilage • Pubis, intervertebral discs, meniscus

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