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Colony Review

Colony Review. The Thirteen English Colonies. Virginia. Founding of Jamestown (1607) Joint-stock London Company Charter from King James I Too many “gentlemen” John Smith takes charge New settlers reinforce in 1610. Virginia. Tobacco Cultivation

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Colony Review

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  1. Colony Review The Thirteen English Colonies

  2. Virginia • Founding of Jamestown (1607) • Joint-stock London Company • Charter from King James I • Too many “gentlemen” • John Smith takes charge • New settlers reinforce in 1610

  3. Virginia • Tobacco Cultivation • John Rolfe cultivates West Indies species in Virginia  good cash crop • Virginia Company grants 50 acres to each new settler

  4. Virginia • Survival Assured • Virginia company goes bankrupt • 1200 settlers in 1624, becomes a royal colony

  5. Massachusetts • Plymouth (1620) • Protestant pilgrims, persecuted by Anglicans, sail for new world on Mayflower • Blown off course, land at Plymouth • William Bradford leads colony to survival, with help of natives • Later absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony

  6. Massachusetts • Massachusetts Bay (1630) • Puritans organized by Massachusetts Bay Company, gain charter from Charles I • Led by John Winthrop, 1000 settle in Massachusetts, mostly at Salem, Cambridge, Boston • Puritans continue to move there, 20,000 strong by 1640 • Colonial government pro-puritan, anti-dissent

  7. Rhode Island (1636) • Roger Williams, Salem minister, challenges Puritan rule • Expelled in 1635, founds Providence, Rhode Island • Anne Hutchinson goes to Rhode Island • 1644 government permits religious freedom, separation of church and state

  8. Connecticut (1636) • Thomas Hooker, Cambridge pastor, led congregation to settle Hartford, Connecticut; not religious dissenters, wanted better lands • Received a royal charter 1662

  9. New Hampshire (1638) • Settled by Massachusetts colonists leaving for political, religious, economic reasons • Under control of Massachusetts but gained royal charter in 1679

  10. Maryland (1638) • George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, a Catholic convert, gained a grant to settle here • Called a propriety colony, as it belongs to an owner • Calverts’ son brought first settlers there in 1634 • Freedom of religion  Catholics & Protestants • Tobacco farmers

  11. The Carolinas (1663) • Propriety colonies • North settled by Virginians • South settled by other Brits and Europeans • Raised rice, indigo, tar & pitch, traded furs • Settlers opposed propriety, gained royal charters

  12. New York (1664) • English seize New Netherland, King Charles assigns it to James, the Duke of York • Renamed New York, Dutch retain land, language, rights, legislative assembly • Becomes royal colony when James becomes king 1685

  13. New Jersey (1664) • James granted area between Hudson &Delaware Rivers to friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret • Already had some Dutch and Swedish settlements • Propriety sold to Quakers, but later became royal colony 1702

  14. Pennsylvania (1681) • William Penn received charter in return for debt owed him by Charles II • Penn founds it for business and place for Society of Friends • Quakers – no formal organization, humility, hard work, charity, brotherly love ( Philadelphia), pacifists

  15. Pennsylvania (1681) • Religious freedom, popularly elected legislature, fertile land, fair treatment of natives • Attracted many British, German and Swiss Quakers, Mennonites, Amish

  16. Delaware (1682) • William Penn received grant to Delaware, but Swedish and Dutch already there wanted self rule  Penn grants them own assembly

  17. Georgia (1732) • Philanthropist James Oglethorpe secures charter from George II • Outpost against Spanish Florida & home to debtors • Developed large plantations employing slave labor • Became royal colony 1752

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