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Module 8 States of Consciousness

Module 8 States of Consciousness. Psychoactive Drugs. mind altering chemicals they change how you perceive and feel psychological effects depend on dosage, form taken, expectations, personality of user & situation. Drug effect. Response to first exposure. After repeated exposure, more

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Module 8 States of Consciousness

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  1. Module 8 States ofConsciousness

  2. Psychoactive Drugs • mind altering chemicals • they change how you perceive and feel • psychological effects depend on dosage, form taken, expectations, personality of user & situation

  3. Drug effect Response to first exposure After repeated exposure, more drug is needed to produce same effect Drug dose Drug Tolerance • Tolerance • Decrease in effect of a drug with repeated use…

  4. Drug Dependence • Psychological Dependence • a psychological need to use a drug • Physical Dependence • discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use of an addictive drug • Addiction • Compulsive drug seeking behavior • Control over drug use is lost

  5. Psychoactive Drugs • 4 common Classes of Psychoactive Drugs • stimulants • hallucinogens • depressants • opiates

  6. Stimulants • Stimulants(“uppers”) • drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause accelerated body functions along w/ elevated energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and decreased appetite… • caffeine • nicotine • amphetamines (speed) • cocaine

  7. Hallucinogens • psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input (illusogens) • LSD • Marijuana • Ecstasy • Bufotenin (toad licking) • Mescaline (peyote) • PCP (angel dust) • Ketamine (Special K) • Ololuiqui (morning glory seeds)

  8. Hallucinogens: THC (marijuana) • THC • the major active ingredient in marijuana • mild hallucinogen • amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes, smells

  9. THC (marijuana) • can be therapeutic • if suffering pain and nausea • severe weight loss • eye pressure • marijuana can relieve symptoms • marijuana legalized for those purposes • in some states • California & Arizona, ’96

  10. Opiates • Drugs that work as analgesics • euphorogenics Morphine Heroin

  11. Depressants • Central Nervous System Depressants-reduce neural activity and slow body functions (alcohol, barbiturates, opiates)

  12. Depressants • At higher doses, depressants lead to • relief from anxiety • disinhibition • general anesthesia • increased drowsiness • lethargy • amnesia • seizures (inhibits seizures) • hypnotic effects • sedation • hypnosis • coma • death

  13. Keep an Eye on that Drink! • Date rape drugs • Rohypnol – Flunitrazepam - ROOFIES; sedative causing muscle relaxation and amnesia

  14. …Mild to Severe Effects of Stimulants mild to moderate…… ….severe mood amplification (better mood)……………………….> irritability, hostility, anxiety, fear, withdrawal heightened energy………... extreme energy or exhaustion Increased wakefulness…………> total insomnia motor excitement or restlessness…………………> compulsive motor stereotypies (weird movements/ticks) talkativeness……………….> rambling incoherent speech increased sexual interest…...> decreased sexual interest anger, verbal aggression…..> possible extreme violence mild to moderate anorexia…> total anorexia increased self-esteem………> delusion of grandiosity From Keith Trujillo lecture notes, neuropsychopharmacology course

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