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STARS, GALAXIES, AND SPACE EXPLORATIONS

STARS, GALAXIES, AND SPACE EXPLORATIONS. Astronomy – study of heavenly bodies. Cosmology – study of the universe Stars – huge balls of glowing gases (H, He) in the sky. Stars produce energy through nuclear fusion of hydrogen gas. Characteristics: a. Color - depends on the

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STARS, GALAXIES, AND SPACE EXPLORATIONS

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  1. STARS, GALAXIES, AND SPACE EXPLORATIONS

  2. Astronomy – study of heavenly bodies. • Cosmology– study of the universe • Stars – huge balls of glowing gases (H, He) in thesky. Stars produce energythrough nuclear fusion of hydrogen gas.

  3. Characteristics: a. Color- depends on the surface temperature - Red-(coolest) - orange - yellow - white (very hot) - bluish-white (hottest) b. temperature–depends on its color

  4. Hubble Telescope Image of Ring Nebula

  5. c. magnitude-brightness of stars, depends on the size, distance, temperature * bigger- nearer, hotter, brighter * 6th magnitude- faintest star * The 1st magnitude star is 2.5 times brighter than the 2nd magnitude star. * The 2nd magnitude star is 2.5 times brighter than the 3rd magnitude star.

  6. d. size– super giant, giant, and dwarf * Motion (change in position of stars) is due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis *Stars move at great speed. Stars are trillion km away from us or 1 light year.

  7. * Stars do not twinkle. Viewed from a great distance, they appear to twinkle because of the effect of movements in the earth’s rotation. This twinkling of stars as called SCINTILLATION.

  8. Sun – yellow, dwarf, closest star * 150 M km from the Earth – 200 yrs for an ordinary car to reach it * light year – distance that light travels in one year

  9. * Parts: - Photosphere- light sphere and the brightest layer - Chromosphere- color sphere (red and pink) - Corona – hot outermost layer of the sun and it is a faint halo that becomes visible only - Sunspot – dark, cooler and less bright part of photosphere - Core – hottest part of the sun

  10. Constellations– groups of stars forming patterns in the sky. There are 88 constellations. • Asterism – stars that form pattern but in smaller scale. They are not officially named as constellations. Ex: Small and Big Dipper • Polaris (North Star) appears to remain in the same position in the sky so it is very useful to Navigators. Found in the Small Dipper.

  11. Orion Orion is one of the brightest constellations and is a mythological character. When the gods were tired of him, the sent a scorpion to bite and kill him. According to Greek myths, Orion was a hunter who used to brag all the time. This bother the gods. The gods felt bad for doing having Orion killed, they placed him in the sky.

  12. BIG DIPPER (Ursa Major)

  13. Small/Little Dipper (UrsaMinor)

  14. Interesting Facts The brightest constellation is Crux (the Southern Cross). The constellation with the greatest number of visible stars in it is Centaurus (the Centaur - with 101 stars). The largest constellation is Hydra (The Water Snake) which extends over 3.158% of the sky.

  15. Light Year – the unit of measurement used to determine the distances between heavenly bodies. It is the distance light travels in one year. • Sextant – is used to observe the stars and constellations.

  16. Galaxies – made up of billion of stars, clouds of dust and gases. 1. spiral 2. elliptical or irregular. Ex. Milky Way (spiral) – where the solar system belongs

  17. Universe – composed of billions of star systems or galaxies. Theory of the Universe • Big Bang Theory(Edwin Hubble)– states that the universe was created about 15 B years ago from a violent explosion that threw matter in all directions in space. These materials finally became stars which are moving away from each other. The universe is expanding. The theory explains why distant galaxies are going away from the Earth at great speed.

  18. * The instruments used to study stars are the telescope, spectroscope, camera, radio, telescope, and space telescope.

  19. WATCH THE VIDEO FROM YouTube (I Want to Know: Stars and Constellations)

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