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Chapter 11 Muscles

Chapter 11 Muscles. Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication Extrinsic tongue muscles Muscles of the neck and throat Back muscles Deep thorax muscles Abdominal wall muscles Superficial thorax muscles Shoulder muscles Elbow muscles Forearm muscles Hip & knee muscles

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Chapter 11 Muscles

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  1. Chapter 11 Muscles Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication Extrinsic tongue muscles Muscles of the neck and throat Back muscles Deep thorax muscles Abdominal wall muscles Superficial thorax muscles Shoulder muscles Elbow muscles Forearm muscles Hip & knee muscles Leg muscles

  2. Chapter 11 Muscles • You are responsible for muscles described in class • Origin • Insertion • Action • Nerve - innervation (if given) • Be able to recognize muscles in all diagrams of text

  3. Muscles of facial expression • Orbicularis oculi • Sphincter muscle of eyelid • O: frontal & maxillary bones • I: tissue of eyelid • Action: closes eye • Nerve: facial / CN VII (11.6)

  4. Muscles of facial expression • Zygomaticus • O: zygomatic bone • I: corners of mouth • Action: smiling • Nerve: facial / CN VII Major and Minor (11.6)

  5. Muscles of mastication • Masseter • O: zygomatic arch • I: angle & ramus of mandible • Action: elevate mandible • Nerve: trigeminal nerve / CN V (foramen ovale) Masseter (11.7a)

  6. Muscles of mastication • Temporalis • O: temporal fossa • I: coronoid process of mandible • Action: elevate and retract mandible • Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V (11.7a)

  7. Extrinsic tongue muscles • Styloglossus • O: styloid process of temporal bone • I: tongue • Action: retract & elevate tongue • Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII Styloglossus (11.7c)

  8. Extrinsic tongue muscles • Hyoglossus • O: hyoid bone • I: tongue • Action: depresses tongue • Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII Hyoid bone (11.7c)

  9. Muscles of neck & throat • Digastric • two muscle bellies with an intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone • O: inferior margin of mandible (anterior belly); mastoid process of temporal bone (posterior belly) • I: hyoid bone • Action: elevate hyoid, stabilize hyoid, depress mandible • Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V (anterior belly), facial n. / CN VII (posterior belly) Posterior belly Anterior belly (11.8a)

  10. Muscles of neck & throat • Stylohyoid • O: styloid process of temporal bone • I: hyoid bone • Action: elevate & retract hyoid, swallow • Nerve: facial n. / CN VII Stylohyoid (11.7c)

  11. Muscles of neck & throat • Sternohyoid • O: manubrium & medial end of clavicle • I: hyoid bone • Action: depress hyoid Sternohyoid (11.8a)

  12. Muscles of neck & throat • Pharyngeal constrictors • O: mandible, pterygoid process, hyoid, laryngeal cartilages • I: posterior medial raphe of pharynx • Action: peristaltic contraction / swallow Superior Middle Inferior (11.8b)

  13. Muscles of neck & throat • Sternocleidomastoid • O: manubrium & medial clavicle • I: mastoid process of temporal bone • Action: head & neck flexion, rotate head contralaterally • Nerve: accessory n. / CN XI (11.8a)

  14. Muscles of neck & throat • Sternocleidomastoid

  15. Back muscles • Spinalis • O: spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae • I: spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae • Action: extends vertebral column (11.9d)

  16. Deep thorax muscles • External & internal intercostals • O&I: inferior & superior border of ribs • Action: inspiration and expiration Internal (11.10a)

  17. Deep thorax muscles Xiphoid process • Diaphragm • O: inferior internal surface of rib cage & sternum, inferior costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae • I: central tendon • Action: flattens on contraction (inspiration) • Nerve: phrenic nerves (11.10b)

  18. Abdominal wall muscles • Rectus abdominis • O: pubic crest & symphysis • I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 • Action: flex & rotate lumbar vertebrae, fix & depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intraabdominal pressure • Note: 3 tendinous insertions, aponeurosis & linea alba (11.11ab)

  19. Superficial thorax muscles • Pectoralis minor • O: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 • I: coracoid process of scapula • Action: with ribs fixed, pulls scapula anterior & inferior; with scapula fixed, pulls ribs superiorly • Nerve: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8) (11.13a)

  20. Superficial thorax muscles

  21. Superificial thorax muscles • Serratus anterior • O: ribs 1-8 • I: vertebral border of scapula • Action: hold scapula against chest wall, moves inferior angle of scapula lateral & superior (abduction, pushing, punching) • Nerve: long thoracic nerve (11.13a,8.1a reversed)

  22. Superificial thorax muscles • Trapezius • O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes • I: acromion, spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle • Action: stabilize, elevate, adduct, depress scapula, extend head • Nerve: Accessory (CNXI), C3 and C4 (11.13b)

  23. Shoulder muscles • Pectoralis major • O: medial clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique • I: greater tubercle of humerus • Action: arm-flexion, medial rotation, adduction, elevation of rib cage (11.13a) • Nerve: Medial and lateral • pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

  24. Shoulder muscles • Deltoid • O: lateral clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula (compare to insertion of trapezius) • I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus • Action: arm-abduction, flexion, extension, medial & lateral rotation • Nerve: Axillary nerve(C5-C-6) (11.13ab)

  25. Shoulder muscles • Subscapularis • O: subscapular fossa • I: lesser tubercle of humerus • Action: medial rotate arm, stabilize shoulder joint • Nerve: Subscapular nerves (C5-C7) (11.14d)

  26. Shoulder muscles • Infraspinatus • O: infraspinous fossa • I: greater tubercle of humerus • Action: lateral rotate humerus, stabilized shoulder joint • Nerve: Suprascapular nerve (11.14b)

  27. Rotator cuff muscles • Act to stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity and prevent dislocation • Supraspinatous (Suprascapular nerve) • Infraspinatus(Suprascapular nerve) • Subscapularis(Subscapular nerve) • Teres minor (Axillary nerve)

  28. Elbow muscles • Triceps brachii • O: long head-infraglenoid tubercle, lat. & med. heads-posterior shaft of humerus • I: olecranon process of ulna • Action: extend forearm, assist adduction of arm • Nerve: Radial nerve (11.14b)

  29. Elbow muscles • Biceps brachii • O: short head-coracoid process, long head-tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity (intertubercular groove) • I: radial tuberosity • Action: flex elbow, supinate forearm, weak arm flexor • Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 & C6) (11.14c)

  30. Forearm muscles • Flexor carpi (radialis & ulnaris) • O: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna • I: metacarpals and carpals • Action: wrist flexion, abduct & adduct hand • Carpal tunnel (Median nerve) syndrome p. 184 radialis ulnaris (11.15a) Anterior view

  31. Forearm muscles • Extensor carpi • O: lateral epicondyle of humerus • I: base of metacarpals • Action: extend, abduct, and adducts wrist • Palpate forearm muscles

  32. Hip & knee muscles • Quadriceps femoris • O: anterior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of acetabulum, greater trochanter, shaft of femur • I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon • Action: extend knee, flex thigh

  33. Hip & knee muscles • Gluteus muscles • O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx • I: shaft & greater trochanter of femur • Action: extend thigh (climb stairs, running), lateral & medial rotate thigh, abduct thigh, steadies pelvis

  34. Hip & knee muscles • Hamstrings • O: ischial tuberosity, shaft of femur • I: lateral & medial condyles and shaft of tibia, head of fibula, lateral condyle femur • Action: extend thigh, flex knee • Makes touching toes hard

  35. Leg muscles • Tibialis anterior • O: lateral condyle and shaft of tibia • I: tarsal and first metatarsal bones • Action: dorsiflexion

  36. Leg muscles • Gastrocnemius • O: medial & lateral condyles of femur • I: calcaneus via Achilles tendon • Action: plantar flexion, flex knee

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