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Mastering Axial Muscles: Identification & Function

Learn to name and identify key axial muscles, understand origins and insertions, and grasp muscle naming conventions. Explore head, neck, back, chest, abdomen, and pelvis muscles, with terms and structures to know.

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Mastering Axial Muscles: Identification & Function

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  1. Chapter 11Axial Muscles of the body Course objectives: Name and be able to identify specific axial muscles in the body. Know the origin and insertion of some muscles

  2. Naming Skeletal Muscles • Muscles are often times named based on specific characteristics: • Name based on muscle location - sternocleidomastoid • Name based on muscle shape - deltoid • Name based on muscle size – gluteus maximus • Name based on muscle fiber direction - rectus abdominis (rectus means straight) • Name based on the number of origins – triceps,biceps • Name based on the location of attachments - brachioradialis • Name based on its action – adductor longus

  3. Terms to know • Origin- where the muscle originates from. i.e. - least moveable end • Insertion- where the muscle attaches to. i.e. - most movable end • Action- the type of response the muscle creates when contracted. - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, etc.

  4. Muscles to know and identify • Head: Frontalis, Occipitalis, Obicularis oculi, Obicularis oris, Zygomaticus major, Masseter, Temporalis. • Neck: Sternocleidomastoid • Back : Erector spinae = (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), Serratus anterior, Trapezius, Rhomboids, and Latissimus dorsi. • Buttocks and pelvis: Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Psoas major, Iliacus.

  5. Head and neck muscles

  6. Head and neck muscles

  7. Back muscles

  8. Muscles to know and identify • Chest and abdomen: Pectoralis major, Diaphragm, External intercostals, Internal intercostals, Rectus abdominis, External oblique, Internal oblique, Transversus abdominis.

  9. Chest and abdomen muscles

  10. Deep chest muscles

  11. Structures to know and identify • Tendons • Galea aponeurosis • Linea alba • Iliotibial tract • Calcaneal “achiles” tendon

  12. Know origin and insertion • Masseter - Rectus abdominis • Biceps brachii - Rectus femoris • Triceps brachii - Biceps femoris • Latissimus dorsi - Sartorius • Deltoid - Gastrocnemeus

  13. Masseter • Origin: Zygomatic arch and bone • Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible • Action: Prime mover of jaw closure

  14. Latissimus dorsi • Origin: Spinous proc of T6-T12, L1-L5; ribs 8-12 • Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus • Action: Extension, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder

  15. Deltoid • Origin: Clavicle, scapula acromion and spine • Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus • Action: Abducts shoulder; flexion and rotation of humerus; extension and lateral rotation of humerus

  16. Rectus abdominis • Origin: Pubic crest and symphysis • Insertion: Xyphoid process and costal cartilage ribs 5-7 • Action: Flex and rotate vertebral column; stabilize pelvis; exert abdominal pressure.

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