Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. Bacteria vs Virus Bacteria are relatively complex, single-celled creatures with a rigid wall and a thin, rubbery membrane surrounding the fluid inside the cell. They can reproduce on their own and can be treated by antibiotics. Where as Virus are single cell organisms with a protein coat and genetic information, that can not reproduces on their own and need to infect a host cell to do so. Virus will target certain cells and are much smaller than bacteria.

3. Bacteria

4. symptoms are in males: Small amounts of clear or cloudy discharge from the tip of the penis Painful urination Burning and itching around the opening of the penis Pain and swelling around the testicles Chlamydia common infection that affects both men and women. Sometimes symptoms are not present in the beginning and it can lay dormant for a while symptoms in females: • Abnormal vaginal discharge that may have an odor • Bleeding between periods • Painful periods • Abdominal pain with fever • Pain when having sex • Itching or burning in or around the vagina • Pain when urinating

5. Chlamydia If untreated it can lead to infertility in females by infecting the fallopian tubes and causes scar tissue within them. It can also lead to an ectopic pregnancy in which the egg implants into the fallopian tubes instead of the uterus. It can also cause premature births and the infection can be passed along from the mother to her child during childbirth, causing an eye infection, blindness, or pneumonia in the newborn.

6. Males can experience a condition called nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) an infection of the urethra and/or epididymitis, or proctitis (an inflammation of the rectum)

7. Gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterium that can grow and multiply easily in mucus membranes of the body. Gonorrhea bacteria can grow in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and in the urethra in women and men. The bacteria can also grow in the mouth, throat, and anus.

8. Gonorrhea Gonorrhea symptoms in women • Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the vagina • Lower abdominal or pelvic pain • Burning when urinating • Conjunctivitis (red, itchy eyes) • Bleeding between periods • Spotting after intercourse • Swelling of the vulva (vulvitis) • Burning in the throat (due to oral sex) Gonorrhea symptoms in men • Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the penis • Burning when urinating • Burning in the throat (due to oral sex) • Painful or swollen testicles • Swollen glands in the throat (due to oral sex)

9. Syphilis Is a highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex and sometimes prolonged kissing or close bodily contact. Appears as sores which sometimes goes unrecognized. An infected person is often unaware of the disease and unknowingly passes it on to his or her sexual partner. Pregnant women with the disease can spread it to their baby. This disease, called congenital syphilis, can cause abnormalities or even death to the child.

10. Stages of syphilis Early or primary syphilis- person develops one or more sore which can be small painless ulcers that appear around the gentials or mouth. Will be noticed 10 to 90’s after exposure. Can heal within 6 weeks if untreated The secondary stage- may last 1 to 3 months and begins within six weeks to six months after exposure. Has a rosy "copper penny" rash typically on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet or moist warts in the groin, white patches on the inside of the mouth, swollen lymph glands, fever, and weight loss. Like primary syphilis, secondary syphilis will resolve without treatment. Latent syphilis- the infection lies dormant (inactive) without causing symptoms. Tertiary syphilis. If the infection isn't treated, it may then progress to a stage characterized by severe problems with the heart, brain, and nerves that can result in paralysis, blindness, dementia, deafness, impotence, and even death if it's not treated.

11. Virus

12. Genital Herpes A common and highly contagious infection usually spread through sex. This infection is usually caused by the herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) or the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the virus usually responsible for cold sores. Genital herpes treatment includes medicines to help sores heal faster and prevent outbreaks. Symptom are sores that can be easily spread through touching. if you have HSV-1, and you perform unprotected oral sex, your partner could contract the virus, even if you are not showing a visible cold sore.

13. Genital Herpes There is no cure just medicine to reduce the healing time. Once you have genital herpes you will carry it for the rest of your life. Mothers can spread the infection to their child through touch

14. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Commonly referred to as HIV It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Unlike some other viruses, the human body cannot get rid of HIV. That means that once you have HIV, you have it for life It is spread through bodily fluids. Infected people often have no symptoms and look and feel fine. Some people with HIV will have symptoms like fatigue; loss of appetite, night sweats etc Onlys becomes AID after the virus affects the immune system

15. Hepatitis B More to do with the liver but is transmitted through sex Can cause serious damage to the liver. Can be vaccinated against it

16. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) lives in the body's epithelial cells spread through contact with infected genital skin, mucous membranes, or bodily fluids, and can be passed through intercourse and oral sex The HPV virus lives in mucous membranes, such as those in the genital area, or on the skin. If genital warts show up, it's an indication of HPV infection.

17. Genital warts Genital warts take on many different appearances. They can be raised, flat, pink, or flesh-colored. They can even be shaped like cauliflower. Sometimes there is a single wart; other times multiple warts appear. They can be small or large. They can be on the anus, cervix, scrotum, groin, thigh, or penis. Genital warts can show up weeks or even months after sexual contact with a person infected with an HPV virus. That person may not know he or she is infected and is responsible for HPV transmission.

18. HPV Some types of genital HPV infection are associated with cancer, including cervical cancer and cancer of the vulva, anus, or penis. If infection occurs with one of these virus types, precancerous changes can occur in cells in the tissue without causing any symptoms. treatments are available if needed, normally will clear up on its own, Can also be vaccinated against it. If it is deemed to be at high risk for cancer, woman will receive PAP swaps to track the cervical cells for abnormalities.

19. Parasite Infection

20. Crabs (Pubic Lice) Tiny insects that attach themselves to the skin and hair in the pubic area, symptoms are intense itching in the genitals or anus mild fever feeling run-down irritability the presence of lice or small egg sacs, which are called nits, in pubic hair treatments are over the counter pubic lice medicine, which will help to kill the lice. Shaving and taking hot baths are not effective All bedding, towels, and clothing that may have been exposed should be thoroughly washed or dry cleaned, and your home should be vacuumed.

21. Scabies An itchy, highly contagious skin disease caused by an infestation by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Transferred by skin to skin contact. Signs and symptoms of scabies include a skin rash composed of small red bumps and blisters and affects specific areas of the body. Other symptoms can include tiny red burrows on the skin and relentless itching. The itch leads to frequent scratching, which may predispose the skin to secondary infections. Treatment are available

22. Trichomoniasis Infection from a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Although symptoms of the disease vary, most women and men who have the parasite cannot tell they are infected.The parasite is passed from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex. It is not common for the parasite to infect other body parts, like the hands, mouth, or anus.

23. Trichomoniasis In men, the most commonly infected body part is the inside of the penis (urethra). In women, the most commonly infected part of the body is the lower genital tract (vulva, vagina, or urethra) Having trichomoniasis can make it feel unpleasant to have sex. Without treatment, the infection can last for months or even years.

24. Trichomoniasis Men symptoms • itching or irritation inside the penis, • burning after urination or ejaculation, • some discharge from the penis. Women Symptoms • itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals • discomfort with urination • a thin discharge with an unusual smell that can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish.

25. Trichomoniasis It is unclear why some people with the infection get symptoms while others do not, but it probably depends on factors like the person’s age and overall health. Infected people without symptoms can still pass the infection on to others