1 / 17

New Deal

New Deal. Franklin Roosevelt’s Presidency. Election of 1932. Election of 1932 saw many changes: Democrats took control of Congress – Republicans lose a great deal of popular support Presidential election – saw the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt

yetta-owen
Download Presentation

New Deal

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. New Deal Franklin Roosevelt’s Presidency

  2. Election of 1932 • Election of 1932 saw many changes: • Democrats took control of Congress – Republicans lose a great deal of popular support • Presidential election – saw the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt • Americans wanted a change – they were in need, and wanted a change from this hands off ideology of Herbert Hoover • Roosevelt’s plan – he put forward ideas focused on: • Relief for the poor • New Public works programs – government funded building programs • Roosevelt won election in landslide

  3. Roosevelt’s Philosophy • Roosevelt had a great personality for rallying the country. • He was handicapped with polio, but he did not let it slow him down – he worked through his struggles • This was symbolic for the struggling nation • Used fireside chats – way for Roosevelt to address the nation in a comfortable way to try to ease fear and uneasiness • He believed in the government’s role to help its people • Eleanor Roosevelt – President’s wife who worked hard to support her husband and help support the nation • Wrote newspaper articles • Started an anti-lynching campaign – stopped it

  4. Roosevelt’s Work to Stop the Depression • Step 1 – Stop the banking crisis • Temporarily closed all banks – bank holiday • Passed Emergency Banking Act – checked security of bank • Reopened banks with government assurances – gave confidence to people and banks • Glass-Steagall Act – created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to guarantee loans.

  5. Roosevelt’s Work to Stop the Depression • Step 2 – The Hundred Days – enacting the New Deal • Hundred Days – the first days of his presidency where FDR had to stop the down turn of the economy by changing the view of the people • New Deal – policy to change the country – 3 goals • Relief for the suffering • Recovery of the economy • Reforms to prevent another serious crisis of the economy

  6. Reforms of the First Hundred Days • Major programs key in the New Deal • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) – gave subsidies to farmers for relief • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) – businesses in the same industry need to cooperate with each other and provided $3.3 billion in public works aid • Public Works Administration (PWA) – managed all Public Works programs • Federal Securities Act – forced companies to share financial information with the public to restore confidence in economy • Security Exchange Commission (SEC) – watchdog for stock market • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – developed resources of the Tennessee River Valley – built dams and other things

  7. Other Works After First 100 Days Civil Works Administration (CWA) – provided winter employment for 4 million people – built highways sewers, airports, and more. Indian Reorganization Act (1934) – limited sale of Indian lands and provided them assistance

  8. New Deal Issues • Government seen as invading businesses and personal life – government is too big • Others believed it had done enough – overhaul capitalism • Conservatives felt that the New Deal was too much of a break with traditional American ideals. • Huey Long • Charles Coughlin • Francis Townsend • Courts had issues with many programs – stopped some

  9. Recovery Continues • Second Hundred Days – A Second New Deal • Extended much of the government programs already in place • Wanted people to get back to work – ended many handouts • Emergency Relief Appropriations Act • Social Security Act – created Social Security Program which provided guaranteed pensions for those over 65. • Funding for this program was an issue – made only some workers pay

  10. Organized Labor Revived • Wagner Act – outlawed many anti-labor practices • Created National Labor Relations Board – allowed voting in workplaces for union representation • CIO is created – created union for many unskilled workers • Those not protected by AFL • Union power shown in sit down strike of GM Automotive

  11. Roosevelt Re-Elected • Won in 1936 – no real struggle • Republicans attacked New Deal as being a big government idea and expanding power of government into personal life • Events following re-election: • Court-packing issue – tried to get justices on Supreme Court who would defend New Deal initiatives • Created a fight in Congress • Created Farm Tenancy Act – aid to tenant farmers (poorest) • Social Security Plan passed by Supreme Court (1937) • Second dip in economy – forces Roosevelt to deficit spend to save recovery – saved in 1938

  12. Life During Depression • Women started to serve more roles in government • African Americans were appointed by Roosevelt to positions of power • Creation of Black Cabinet – Mary McLeod Bethune was leader • Artists showed the hardships of Depression • Dorothea Lange – took pictures of the people in Depression • John Steinbeck – author of Grapes of Wrath – about Dust Bowl • Woody Guthrie – wrote music about Depression • James Agee/Walker Evans – worked to show lives of sharecroppers

  13. Entertainment of the Depression • Works by great writers of the time turned into movies • Grapes of Wrath • Movies also dealt with other issues of the Depression • Comedy and Dance movies were very popular – feel good movies • Radio was also big during this time • Roosevelt’s fireside chats and other public rants • Had music, sports, religious themes • Baseball, College Football, and Boxing were major sports • New music was popularized – Swing – big band jazz

  14. Impact of New Deal • Look at the 3 Goals • Relief – put money in pockets of poor • Recovery – started to turn but failed when crisis of 1937 and 1938 hit • Reforms – were successful and long lasting • Was responsible for the construction of many highways, bridges, dams, and public buildings • Created a link between the people and the government • But created bigger government to control all the new programs • People saw their government as something that helped them now

  15. Limits of New Deal • Programs were never meant to be a way to end all the hardships but a way to pull the country out of hardship • Programs were kept around too long • Pay was limited to government workers – wanted them to find other employment not stay on government dime • There was varied aid to people based on state • Programs permitted discrimination against African-Americans

  16. End of New Deal • Ended by 1938 – downturn of economy was final blow • Roosevelt lost support because: • Other government officials wanted balanced budget and tax cuts • Saw reorganization plan for Executive Branch as a way to give the president too much power • Fair Labor Standards Act – law that established minimum wage and required time and half wage for overtime

  17. Election of 1938 • Roosevelt wanted to defeat all of his New Deal opponents, but this failed and the Senate became filled with those who opposed his plans • New focus after election: • Europe saw rise of radical dictators because of depression, and they were on the brink of war. • America began to open more industry to create weapons of war • World War II was rapidly approaching

More Related