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An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 735 B.C.E. – 600 B.C.E.

An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 735 B.C.E. – 600 B.C.E. Period 1. Rise of the Roman Empire. The roman empire rose from a republic. The Roman Empire had a strong military and strong senate. Agriculture was the basis of the economy. -Land = Wealth

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An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 735 B.C.E. – 600 B.C.E.

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  1. An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 735 B.C.E. – 600 B.C.E. Period 1

  2. Rise of the Roman Empire • The roman empire rose from a republic. • The Roman Empire had a strong military and strong senate. • Agriculture was the basis of the economy. -Land = Wealth • Majority of early Romans were farmers who owned small plots of land. • Few families could own large tracts of lands -Heads of these wealthy families were members of the Senate- a “Council of Elders”.

  3. Roman Republic 507 – 31 B.C.E • Not a democracy • All males were eligible to attend assembly. • The votes of the wealthy classes counted for more than the votes of poor citizens. • Roman Senate: - An advisory council. They made policy and governed. -Nominated their sons to fill public positions -Served for life

  4. Social Classes • Patricians = elite/wealthy • Plebeians = the majority of the population • Roman Family -Basic unit of society -Included several generations of family members and their slave -The oldest male, the paterfamilias, had absolute authority

  5. Roman Religion • Believed in Numina -Invisible/shapeless forces • Religion and philosophy helped shape the culture of the empires because they were a way of life.

  6. The Rise of Christianity • Jesus- He was offended by Jewish religious and political leaders’ focused on money and power • Paul – a Jew who spread the word of exemplifying the cosmopolitan nature of the Roman empire • Constantine - Roman Emperor who reunited the Roman Empire, moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity the favored religion.

  7. Technology • Roman roads -Spread good and Christianity • Aqueducts -Long elevated or underground conduits, carried water from a source to an urban center, using the force of gravity. • Invented concrete • Built forts and walls to defend empire

  8. Fall of Roman Empire • Fall of the Roman Empire was due to: - Internal causes such as political, and economic problems. - External causes such as disease, attacks and defeats. - Rise of Christianity

  9. Rise of Han Empire • The emperor of Qin Dynasty, (the previous one before Han) passed away, having his son take over. • The Chinese didn’t like how he ruled so they rebelled against him. • The leader of the rebellion took over as emperor of the new dynasty, the Han.

  10. Resources and Population • Agriculture -Owning land was a sign of wealth -tax was a percentage of a person’s harvest -Canals were built connecting the Yangzi and Yellow rivers to move agricultural products • The state required 2 years of military. -Like Rome, China depended on slaves for labor and taxes.

  11. Technology and Trade • Crossbow, cavalry, watermill, horse collar, paper • Qin and Han -Road building, canals -Good for trade and military -Cities grew -Silk (most valuable commodity) -Attempted to control the Silk Road

  12. Hierarchy, Obedience, and Belief • Han culture spread into new region • Family -The basic unit of society -Included previous generations • Confucianism -The main religion. -It sanctified hierarchy and provided a code of conduct for professionals and public officials.

  13. Religion in China • Built shrines • Sacrificed animals • FengShui – “earth divination,” decided the best locations for buildings and graves • Like the Romans, they worshipped forces of nature • Daoism -Following the path of nature -Became popular with the common people.

  14. The First Empire, 221-207 B.C.E. • 221 BCE – the Qin united the northern plains and the Yangzi River valley • Qin ideas -Burned Confucian books -Turned to legalism -Tried to weaken aristocracy -Banned primogeniture (oldest son gets all land) -Abolished slavery and slaves had worked the land -Too controlling (led to rebellion)

  15. The Long Reign of the Han 206 B.C.E. – 220 C.E. • In China, Legalism was used politically to establish laws and forms. • Like Romans, Han depended on local officials -Collected taxes, worried about defense • Han allied with the gentry -Class below the aristocrats -Made government positions more efficient and responsive

  16. Decline of the Han Empire • Lack of money • Poor leadership • Able to stay together because they were geographically smaller • More culturally similar

  17. Similarities between Roman and Han Empires • In both cultures the family is headed by an all powerful patriarch. -Family values created a cohesive society • Agriculture – fundamental economic activity and source of wealth. • Unified widespread territories under strong central governments. • A type of civil service arose in both empires • Both cultures were centered in an ethnically homogeneous core and spread outward.

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