Invasive GPS

1. Invasive GPS Two sides of the coin

2. GPS: Good or Bad? • GPS and associated technological developments have many implications; positive and negative. • This presentation will deal with evaluating the benefits vs. the costs of GPS in modern society

3. A brief history and methodology of GPS • GPS was created over the Labour Day weekend in 1973. GPS was a cumulative build-up of all the previous satellite technologies such as TRANSIT (for Polaris submarines), and TIMATION.* • The operating principle of GPS is simple. There are 24 satellites in orbit above the Earth, and each one continuously broadcasts a digital radio signal that includes both its own position and the time, exact to a billionth of a second. A GPS receiver takes this information from four satellites and uses it to calculate its position on the planet. *http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/95/950613Arc5183.html

4. Travel • GPS technology has revolutionized the marine, aviation, transportation, and military industries. Travel is now safer, and more reliable than ever before. Unfortunate incidents such as Korean Air Lines flight 007 no longer have to be repeated.

5. KAL 007 • On September 1, 1983, KAL 007 drifted unintentionally into Soviet airspace and was shot down by Soviet fighter jets. Apparently, the cause of this incident was faulty instrumentation on the Boeing 747-200 • Soon after this incident, Ronald Reagan announced that the GPS system would become available for civilian use once it was completed

6. Telematics services • “…OnStar is the leading provider of telematics services in the United States. Telematics is the transmission of data communications between systems and devices. OnStar's in-vehicle safety, security, and information services use Global Positioning System (GPS)…” - OnStar Website • Certain OnStar vehicles such as the 2004 Chevrolet Malibu are also equipped with “GM Advanced Automatic Crash Notification System (AACN)”. This system uses a variety of devices including accelerometers, and front and side sensors to detect a crash and its severity. The OnStar system then relays this information automatically to the emergency services.

7. Fleet Tracking • Large companies, such as UPS, that run on a tight schedule can simplify their logistical operations by installing GPS devices in all of their vehicles so that they can be tracked. • GPS Fleet Solutions provides real time GPS and passive GPS vehicle tracking systems for fleet owners and dispatchers. Unlike many of the other vehicle tracking software providers on the web; GPSFS strives to bring you a diverse collection of the most current and reliable GPS fleet management products available on the market today. We have eight fleet management tools for tracking vehicles, trailers or your heavy equipment to improve fleet productivity, accountability, and profitability.- www.gpsfleetsolutions.com

9. A Connecticut man is suing a local rental company, Acme Rent-a-Car, after it used GPS (Global Positioning System) technology to track him and then fined him $450 for speeding three times. Acme Rent-a-Car was using a system provided by AirIQ, a Toronto based company, that tracks vehicles and also relays information regarding their speed, heading, etc. In the fine print of the contract, it was stated that if the driver exceeded 79 mph for over 2 minutes, a fine of $150 would be assessed. This occurred three times. Big Brother Riding Shotgun

10. This is an example of a company taking advantage of driving habits and technology. It is clear that people will speed; thus this seems to be a purely profit motivated decision. Also, Acme Rent-a-Car is attempting to do the job of the police and state by issuing penalties Consider then that Acme also knows where exactly the vehicle went, where it stopped, and for how long. This can be repeated for every single car; this data may then be sold on to other companies. Example: where should a new McDonald’s be located? Check where rental car drivers go. So What?

11. Tracking people • Track your children using Wherify. • Choose Your Map StyleChoose a standard street map or custom aerial photo. Then zoom in, zoom out, pan right or left for a better look.Go Breadcrumbing!Soccer game? Play practice? With our "breadcrumb" feature, you can pre-set times on your gps watch for "locates" to ensure your child arrives safely.Unlock The Locator RemotelyYour child has safely arrived at the pool party. Now unlock the locator via Internet or phone so your child can remove their gps watch.

12. Log FilesWe use IP addresses, browser type, referring url, platform type, and access times to analyze trends, administer the site, track user's movement, and gather broad demographic information for aggregate use. IP addresses, etc. are not linked to personally identifiable information.

13. VeriTracks / STOP • Satellite Tracking of People LLC (STOP) is the premier provider of Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) tracking systems and services to the corrections and law enforcement agencies wishing to take advantage of the most recent technological developments in the field of offender monitoring.  STOP offers patented systems and products unmatched in the corrections and law enforcement industries.  STOP's place of business and GPS service facilities are located in the United States, headquartered in Houston, Texas with additional offices in Reston, Virginia and Nashville, Tennessee.  Our management team has more than 100 years of experience in the delivery of correctional and law enforcement services to government. • http://www.wired.com/news/privacy/0,1848,55740,00.html

15. E-911 • Karla Gutierrez's car plunged into a canal off the Florida Turnpike. Trapped inside, Gutierrez frantically dialed 911 from her cell phone, but she didn't know where she was. By the time help arrived, she had drowned. • "Determining the location is the most important thing in any call to 911," said Thera Bradshaw, executive director of the San Francisco Emergency Communications Department. "If the location can be pinpointed, help can be sent." • http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/03/19/BU155366.DTL&type=tech_article

16. Sounds good right? • Implementing E-911 into handsets and network infrastructure is very expensive. Networks have to find a way to recoup some of this money. • Potential ways to do this include the use of L-comm (location based commerce). This might lead to a barrage of unwanted phone spam. • Also, Industry sources said the FBI and Secret Service are pressuring cellular carriers to maintain records of their customers' locations.

17. It’s the Five-O • When Robert Moran drove back to his law offices in Rome, N.Y., after a plane trip to Arizona in July 2003, he had no idea that a silent stowaway was aboard his vehicle: a secret GPS bug implanted without a court order by state police. • Apparently, this kind of activity is legal, because traveling on a public highway negates any right to privacy; after all, the police could have just watched his car from a helicopter. • What's raising eyebrows, though, is the increasingly popular law enforcement practice of secretly tagging Americans' vehicles without adhering to the procedural safeguards and judicial oversight that protect the privacy of homes and telephone conversations from police abuses.

18. Watch out, it’s the Boss • Earlier this month, mobile tracking firm Xora showed off the latest version of its Nextel GPS (global positioning system) phone software. The company says 1,600 corporate customers have signed up for its services, including "geofences" technology that sets off an alarm at the office when field workers go to preprogrammed off-limits sites, such as a bar or a park. • What's new:GPS-enabled cell phones can track users, and employers are eager to keep their mobile workers on an electronic leash. • Bottom line:Bosses want the service, many consumers want the service, and the technology is becoming cheaper and more widely available. Get used to the eye in the sky."There's no electro shock--yet," Xora CEO Sanjay Shirole said. • Employee-tracking devices are gaining steam thanks to ever-more-accurate GPS technology and a U.S. mandate requiring wireless companies to develop ways for emergency workers to find the physical location of people who dial 911 on a cell phone. • Every move you make, the boss is watching youOne of the earliest examples of how an employer can walk this fine line is in Chicago, where about 500 city employees now carry geo-tracking phones, mainly as a tool to increase their productivity. The phones were distributed to employees only after their unions won several concessions, including allowing workers to shut down geo-tracking features during lunch time and after hours. • http://news.com.com/Big+boss+is+watching/2100-1036_3-5379953.html

19. A WABC-TV news truck leaves the company building on West 67th St. in New York on Wednesday. News trucks at the station were recently equipped with global positioning systems, raising concerns among the station's union workers about privacy issues.

20. How to get around it.

21. Conclusion • GPS tracking technology has undoubtedly made our world safer. • This can be used as an argument in the future to further enhance the tracking of people. We just want to make society safer…let us put a watch on your wrist that will measure your pulse, blood sugar level, and tell us exactly where you are, and where you have been.

22. What’s next? • There have been unsubstantiated rumors in the UK, that there are plans to implant under-skin microchips (similar to the ones used in cats and dogs) with GPS capabilities in young children. Sure, it sounds safe, you know where your children are, but so does the government. • Also, news articles from the UK suggest that the electronic tagging of criminals is not as effective as intended. Criminals are able to remove the tags, commit a crime, then return and put the tag back on. So what’s the point? Is the government just trying to soften us up for the day when everyone will be required to wear a tag?