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Parenting: The Untold Story of Mothers. Meantaek Hwang. Korean American Identities: A Look Forward. Edited by Hyojoung Kim Section written by Eunjung Kim Korean American parents have a h ard time raising the kids in new e nvironment. . Second Generation Parenting.
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Parenting: The Untold Story of Mothers Meantaek Hwang
Korean American Identities: A Look Forward • Edited by Hyojoung Kim • Section written by Eunjung Kim • Korean American parents have a hard time raising the kids in new environment.
Second Generation Parenting • Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 • Second Generation Korean Americans • Face both Korean and American culture • Essentially, this aspect of history started right after the passing of the act.
Korean vs. American Culture • “Korea is a collectivistic society, where individuals in society have strong and cohesive ties” (Kim 130). • Differences • Respect for elderly • Manners • Compliments My parents and I in tradition Korean clothing, Hanbok on my first birthday.
Modes of Acculturation Maintain Korean Culture? Yes No Yes Adopt American Culture? No “28% of the adolescents belong to the integration group, 22% belong to the marginalization group, 20.2% to the separation group, and 26% belong to the assimilation group” (Kim 127). WHY???
Ok Ja Park • Born: September 9, 1967 • Raised in the rural parts of Korea in Jeolla Nam Do Province Ganjin County. • MANY brothers and sisters Blue dot represents Seoul And the red area represents Park’s birthplace
Immigration to the US • Immigrated to Seattle in 2006. • Almost forced to adopt American culture, only one other Korean student at elementary school. A celebration of my birthday. My mother was very involved in my life and took care of my education.
A Cultural Clash • Had own cultural clash before moving to USA • From rural to the urban Seoul in 3rd grade of middle school • Rural vs. Urban in society • Dialect • Style of life • Laid Back vs. Busy My mother and my aunt at the 어린이대공원 right after moving to Seoul
Another Cultural Clash • Marriage • Rural vs. Urban in household • Higher Middle Class vs. Lower Class • Learned that adopting new culture and maintaining old culture is beneficial My mom and my dad in his studly suit posing for their wedding shoot
Japanese Imperialistic Rule • Korea annexed by Japan in 1910, but imperialism began in 1876. Independence in 1948 • Murder of Empress Myeongsung ending the Joseon Dynasty • After Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points of moral code, Korean students started demonstrations
March 1st Movement • Yu Gwan Soon • Organizer, sent to prison and tortured to death • Precedent: AhnJoongGeun • Assassinated Japanese General and then sentenced to death
Post Korean War History (1953-) • Political Instability • Corruption: 1st President Rhee Syngman • From democratic party to dictatorship • Assassination: Park Chung Hee • Bribery, killing of citizens, rigging elections, etc. • Many uprisings, mainly organized by college students
Patriotism • Witness of the Gwangju Massacre in the Gwangju Democratization Movement 1980 • Movement against Chun Doo Hwan • Approximately 165 killed • Participant of June Democracy Movement 1987 • Movement against Roh Tae Woo for democratic reforms • Understood the price for freedom • Wanted children to remember that price
College Years To the very right, my mother was involved in the movements for democratic reforms.
A Good Choice • “Among these four groups of adolescents, those who maintained Korea identity while actively adopting American culture (integration group) had the least problem behaviors” (Kim 128). A happy family without problematic behaviors
Relevance to US History • Shows effects of America’s imperialism on Korea • Capitalism • Democracy • Culture assimilation • Korean culture affecting American culture • Education • Raising competition • Pop Culture • Kpop & Gangnam Style
Surprises • How evenly distributed the percentage of modes of acculturation was • My mother’s involvement in democratic movements • Impact of mothers on history • Misconceptions of fathers doing most work on history
Discussion Questions • When it comes time for second generation Korean Americans to raise their children, what problems with acculturation could they face? Interracial marriage, inability to speak Korean or English, etc. • Which mode of acculturation is the most beneficial to the child? America? Home country? Parent? Future children?