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The World of Islam

The World of Islam. Chapter 26. The Ottoman Empire. Fall of the Byzantine Empire. By the 1400’s the Byzantine Empire was failing The Ottomans, a nomadic group, migrated into this region and conquered Constantinople, the Byzantine capital Constantinople was renamed Istanbul

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The World of Islam

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  1. The World of Islam Chapter 26

  2. The Ottoman Empire

  3. Fall of the Byzantine Empire • By the 1400’s the Byzantine Empire was failing • The Ottomans, a nomadic group, migrated into this region and conquered Constantinople, the Byzantine capital • Constantinople was renamed Istanbul • By the 1500’s the Ottomans had created the largest empire in the Middle East and Europe

  4. Ottoman Empire

  5. Great Ottoman Sultans • Sultan – Arabic word for Strength or Power • Osman I – 1299-1324 – Ottoman Empire named after him • Mehmed II – 1451-1481 – Ruled twice & Conquered Constantinople • Suleyman I – 1520-1566 – Longest ruling Sultan

  6. Mehmed IIFATİH (The Conqueror) • Conquered Constantinople in 1453 • Converted Hagia Sofia, Christian Church into Muslim Mosque • Suleyman I MUHTEŞEM (The Magnificent) or KANÛNÎ (The Lawgiver) • Find 5 Accomplishments in the textbook

  7. The Ottomans were: • Turkish (capital Istanbul) • Muslim • The largest empire in the world

  8. Ottoman Empire

  9. The Ottoman Government • Empire reigned 600 years, until end WWI • Sultan – led with absolute power • Men of the Pen – lawyers, scientists, doctors  education was valued! • Men of the Sword – military leaders  skilled strategists!

  10. What was the source of Ottoman power?

  11. 1. Control of Trade • Location on the east/west trade route • Control of the Waterways

  12. 2. Wealth from trade

  13. 3. Superior technology(the benefit of diffusion)

  14. Five Ottoman Strengths: • Respected people they conquered (millett) • Fearless army • Always improved technology • Control Trade • Strong Leaders

  15. Ottoman Strengths #1: Control of trade • Europeans broke this strength by going around Africa and gaining control of trade.

  16. Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth • Discovery of the New World leads to fantastic wealth for Europe from Aztec and Inca gold and silver.

  17. Ottoman Strength #3: Technology • The industrial revolution surpassed the Ottoman superiority in technology especially in production of guns and munitions and other products necessary for war.

  18. The Empire EndsThree reasons:

  19. 1. Nationalism: People ruled by the Ottomans wanted independence. • Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks. • Arabs

  20. 2. European Imperialism: • Industrial revolution caused a need for raw materials • European industries wanted new markets • Large navies developed by Europe to control trade

  21. 3. Competition between European nations led to WWI in 1914

  22. The Ottomans sided with Germany and lost.

  23. The Arab territories were divided up between Great Britain and France.

  24. Turkey became a republic

  25. The Balfour Declaration • Great Britain promised the same land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs.

  26. The Balfour Declaration • Great Britain promised the same land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs. Setting the stage: GB: land to wealthy Arabs in cities  wealthy Arabs sold land to wealthy Jews migrating to Europe  Many Arab peasants left homeless  Palestinian resentment/conflict

  27. Processing Activity Using your notes, summarize the history of the Ottoman Empire. What empire did they conquer? What gave them their strength? How did they end? How did the end of the empire set the stage for the modern Israeli conflict?

  28. p. 580

  29. Homework ? *Complete 26.3 chart

  30. Patterns of Life – page 580

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