Understanding Islam: Beliefs and Practices

1. The World of Islam Chapter 10

2. Muhammad • Muhammad was troubled with gap between the greedy rich & honest poor • While meditating, Muhammad received revelation from God through the angel Gabriel • Muhammad taught that Allah was the one and only God and other gods must be abandoned • Followers of Islam were called Muslims • Islam-submission to the will of Allah

3. Beliefs and Practices • Teachings: • There is only one God Allah and Muhammad is the prophet • There is good and evil and that each individual is responsible for the action of his/her life • Quran = Holy book of the Muslims and its based on Muhammad’s revelations • Quran contains ethical guidelines for Muslims

4. The Quran: Holy Book Of Islam

5. Five Pillars • Faith: • “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger” • Prayer • Five times a day • Face Mecca to pray • Assemble in a mosque (Islamic house of worship)

7. Mosque

8. Five Pillars • Alms • The responsibility to support the less fortunate • Give money for the poor • Fasting • During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims fast between dawn and sunset • Fasting serves to remind Muslim that their spiritual needs are greater than their physical needs

9. Celebrating The Last Day of Ramadan

10. Five Pillars • Pilgrimage • All Muslims who are physically and financially able perform the hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca, at least once

11. Al-Haram Mosque Holds the Kaaba

13. Values: Honor parents Be kind to neighbors Protect widows and orphans Give to the poor Condemns: Murder Stealing Lying Adultery The Quran-A Way of Life Regulates: Marriage Divorce Inheritance Business Forbids: Gambling Pork Alcohol

14. Shari’a Law • Shari’a • System of law that regulates family life, moral conduct and business and community life of Muslims

15. Links to Judaism and Christianity • See Chart for Bellwork • Complete Chapter 10 Sec 2-3 Questions

16. North Africa Chapter 15 Section 1

18. North Africa • In general, the Muslim states in Africa were established in North Africa

19. Lineages • Lineages • Some societies group people into lineages (common ancestor) • Members of a lineage have strong loyalties to one another

20. Lineage • In some African societies, lineage groups take the place of rulers • Lineage-chief means of social and political organization in stateless African societies • These stateless societies (no central system of power) balance power among lineages and settle disputes through discussion and negotiations

22. Tracing Family Descent • Some societies are patrilineal—trace ancestry through fathers • Others are matrilineal—trace ancestry through mothers • Lineage determines how possessions are inherited

23. Age-Set System • Age-set • Groups of people born about the same time who form close ties • The duties and roles associated with varying ages are emphasized by the age set system • Ceremonies mark the passage to each new stage

24. Islam Spreads • Starting around 630, Muslims conquered North Africa • Converted many by the sword of conquest and other peacefully • As Islam spread some rulers converted to Islam and based their government on Islamic law • Trade also helped spread the Islamic religion

25. Bellwork 8/23/16 Write Questions • 1.) Which of the five pillars refers to the responsibility to support/help the less fortunate? • 2.) What term refers to the system of law that regulates family life, moral conduct and business and community life of Muslims? • 3.) What term refers to followers of Islam?

26. Islam • Arabic • Classical Arabic is the sacred language of Islam. It is the language of the Qur'an. • Two Branches of Islam • Sunni-acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad • Shi’a-acknowledge Ali and his decedents as the successors of Muhammad