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The World of Islam Chapter 10. Muhammad. Muhammad was troubled with gap between the greedy rich & honest poor While meditating, Muhammad received revelation from God through the angel Gabriel Muhammad taught that Allah was the one and only God and other gods must be abandoned
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The World of Islam Chapter 10
Muhammad • Muhammad was troubled with gap between the greedy rich & honest poor • While meditating, Muhammad received revelation from God through the angel Gabriel • Muhammad taught that Allah was the one and only God and other gods must be abandoned • Followers of Islam were called Muslims • Islam-submission to the will of Allah
Beliefs and Practices • Teachings: • There is only one God Allah and Muhammad is the prophet • There is good and evil and that each individual is responsible for the action of his/her life • Quran = Holy book of the Muslims and its based on Muhammad’s revelations • Quran contains ethical guidelines for Muslims
The Quran: Holy Book Of Islam
Five Pillars • Faith: • “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger” • Prayer • Five times a day • Face Mecca to pray • Assemble in a mosque (Islamic house of worship)
Five Pillars • Alms • The responsibility to support the less fortunate • Give money for the poor • Fasting • During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims fast between dawn and sunset • Fasting serves to remind Muslim that their spiritual needs are greater than their physical needs
Five Pillars • Pilgrimage • All Muslims who are physically and financially able perform the hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca, at least once
Values: Honor parents Be kind to neighbors Protect widows and orphans Give to the poor Condemns: Murder Stealing Lying Adultery The Quran-A Way of Life Regulates: Marriage Divorce Inheritance Business Forbids: Gambling Pork Alcohol
Shari’a Law • Shari’a • System of law that regulates family life, moral conduct and business and community life of Muslims
Links to Judaism and Christianity • See Chart for Bellwork • Complete Chapter 10 Sec 2-3 Questions
North Africa Chapter 15 Section 1
North Africa • In general, the Muslim states in Africa were established in North Africa
Lineages • Lineages • Some societies group people into lineages (common ancestor) • Members of a lineage have strong loyalties to one another
Lineage • In some African societies, lineage groups take the place of rulers • Lineage-chief means of social and political organization in stateless African societies • These stateless societies (no central system of power) balance power among lineages and settle disputes through discussion and negotiations
Tracing Family Descent • Some societies are patrilineal—trace ancestry through fathers • Others are matrilineal—trace ancestry through mothers • Lineage determines how possessions are inherited
Age-Set System • Age-set • Groups of people born about the same time who form close ties • The duties and roles associated with varying ages are emphasized by the age set system • Ceremonies mark the passage to each new stage
Islam Spreads • Starting around 630, Muslims conquered North Africa • Converted many by the sword of conquest and other peacefully • As Islam spread some rulers converted to Islam and based their government on Islamic law • Trade also helped spread the Islamic religion
Bellwork 8/23/16 Write Questions • 1.) Which of the five pillars refers to the responsibility to support/help the less fortunate? • 2.) What term refers to the system of law that regulates family life, moral conduct and business and community life of Muslims? • 3.) What term refers to followers of Islam?
Islam • Arabic • Classical Arabic is the sacred language of Islam. It is the language of the Qur'an. • Two Branches of Islam • Sunni-acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad • Shi’a-acknowledge Ali and his decedents as the successors of Muhammad