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Nervous System

Nervous System. Chapter 20 Section 1. You will learn. To describe how the body’s senses help monitor the environment. To explain how the sensory organs respond to stimuli To describe how the nervous system works with other body systems.

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System Chapter 20 Section 1

  2. You will learn • To describe how the body’s senses help monitor the environment. • To explain how the sensory organs respond to stimuli • To describe how the nervous system works with other body systems. • To infer possible connections between taste buds and sensitivity to flavors.

  3. Close Your Eyes • With your eyes closed smell the aroma I put in front of you. • Keep your eyes closed until I tell you to open them. • What did it smell like? • How did you know what the smell was?

  4. Senses connect the human body to its environment! • To maintain homeostasis your body constantly monitors the environment. • Your sense organs (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) are responsible for monitoring: Sight, smell, touch, hear, and taste

  5. Senses • Each sense can detect a specific type of change in the environment. • Pain, Pressure, and Temperature are sensed through what sensory organ?

  6. A Stimulus • The sound of the horn is known as a: Stimulus- A change in your environment that you react to, such as smell, taste, sound, feeling, or sight.

  7. Sight • Light rays enter the eye through the pupil • They are bent by the cornea(also protects the eye) • The lens helps focus light. • The pupils change size. Large in dim light. Smaller in bright light.

  8. Sight • At the back of the eye, the light strikes a layer called the retina. • There are two types of cells in the Retina: • Rods-detects brightness • Cones-Sensitive to color • These are called photoreceptors

  9. Hearing • Your ears detect sound waves produced by vibrations • Sound waves are enter the auditory canal. The canal ends at the eardrum. The eardrum vibrates when sound waves hit it. • These vibration are sent through bones called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup to the inner ear. • Cells in the cochlea detect the vibrations and send a message to the brain • RECAP: Auditory CanaleardrumHammerAnvilStirrupCochlea

  10. Hearing • Semi-Circular Canals: help keep the body’s balance! • External ear: what you see on the outside • Auditory nerve: carries sound vibrations to the brain

  11. Hearing

  12. Touch • You touch with tiny receptors in the skin. • Nerves at the top of the skin detect textures. • Nerves deeper in the skin detect pressure. • Other receptors sense hot and cold.

  13. Smell • Detects Chemical Information • In the back of the nose, there is a patch of tissue where hairlike fibers covered in mucus, • Molecules enters your nose, stick to the mucus, and bind to the receptors in the hairlike fibers • The receptors sends an impulse to your brain, and you perceive the scent.

  14. Taste • Chemical process • Your tongue is filled with sensory structures known as taste buds. They are also found in the throat and roof of your mouth.

  15. Taste • Each taste bud contains 100 sensory cells. • They detect sweet, sour, bitter, and salty tastes. • Taste is also due to smell.

  16. Central Nervous System • Consists of the Brain and Spinal Cord • Communicates with nervous system through electrical signals sent through nerve cells. • Travel 90 meters per second • This is like you running the length of an entire soccer field in a second!

  17. Brain • Adult: Contains 100 billion nerve cells called neurons. • Controls both Voluntary and Involuntary behavior • Neurons communicate within the brain

  18. Parts of the Brain • Cerebellum: controls balance and coordination • Cerebrum: controls memories, thoughts, and sensory organs • Medulla: controls involuntary movement Medulla

  19. Medulla Oblongata: Part of the Brain the Controls Anger and Aggression http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Waterboy+medulla+oblongota+video+clip&view=detail&mid=F1C6648DCA58ACC71079F1C6648DCA58ACC71079&first=0&FORM=LKVR

  20. Spinal Cord • Main pathway for information from the brain to other parts of the body • Protected by the vertebral column • 31 pairs of nerves sends sensory impulses into the spinal cord and then sends them to the brain.

  21. Peripheral Nerve System • Includes Sensory and Motor Nerves • Sensory nerves- receive information from the environment (hot or cold) and pass information to the Central Nervous System • Motor Nerves- sends signals from you brain to your muscles

  22. The Autonomic Nervous System • Controls the movement of the heart, the smooth muscles in the stomach, the intestines, and the glands. (involuntary) • It conserves energy • Responds quickly to changes (Fight or Flight Response)

  23. Voluntary Nervous System • Monitors movement and functions that can be controlled consciously. • Controls the skeletal system and muscles that are responsible for speech and the senses.

  24. Quiz • Explain the process by which you hear sound? (Tell me the Steps) • What happens to the pupil in dim light?

  25. Quiz • The top area of skin is responsible for sensing what? • What do you have on your tongue to help you taste?

  26. Quiz • What two parts are included in the central nervous system? • What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

  27. Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System 2 types of responses 2 types of nerves Spinal Cord Brain Voluntary Medulla Involuntary Cerebrum Sensory: Receives information Temp, Color, Pressure, pain, sound Cerebellum Motor: Movement

  28. Michael J. Fox • http://www.anyclip.com/movies/back-to-the-future/the-flux-capacitor/

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