Reducing World Hunger & Improving USA International Relations in One Program

1. Reducing World Hunger & Improving USA International Relations in One Program Kenneth S. Marsh, Ph.D., CPP Executive Director, Woodstock Institute for Science in Service to Humanity; President, Kenneth S. Marsh & Associates, Ltd.

2. 9 years remain before the MDG deadline to reduce hunger by 50% FAO has projected that we will miss this goal by 200 million people New thinking is required

3. But world food production is sufficient for the population!

4. Facts • Adequate foods is produced to feed all • Hunger persists • Food production is necessary but not sufficient • UN members have made a commitment (MDG) • World Food Summit 1996 - Rome Declaration • World Food Summit:five years later • Dr. Diouf - we need more than “business as usual”

5. Complex Distribution • Farm to elevator • Elevator to terminal • Terminal to ship • Port to port • Unload at port • Port to warehouse • Warehouse to consumer distribution

6. From Dr. Malcolm Bourne, Cornell University

7. Our Post-harvest Approach 1. Compile information on food distribution 2. Identify country “appropriate” technologies 3. Identify experts willing to help 4. Identify what is already working 5. Extend 2 & 4 to help 1 with assistance of 3 6. Spread the word to bring to more countries

8. Why it will work • Food already exists • Appropriate technologies already exist • Experts exist worldwide • There are humanitarian reasons to proceed • There are commercial reasons to proceed • There are security reasons to proceed • All member nations of the UN have so pledged

9. Estimation of Magnitude of Loss FoodCrop Size (3 grains) (tons/year, 3rd World) Rice 369,715,000 Wheat 285,793,000 Maize 250,332,000 Estimates of Loss (%) 10% Estimate of Loss (tons/year.) 90,584,000 Estimate of Loss ($/year.) $ 12,419,662,000

10. Comprehensive Plan for proposedCenter for Global Food Security Starting withInternational Cooperation of Post Harvest Institutes (PHI)

11. Post-Harvest Institutes • Already working to reduce food losses locally with appropriate technologies • Have measured & reduced food losses • Funded, work and publish within country • Little international cooperation • Institutes in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Philippines, India, China…

12. “Appropriate” technologies vary with country

13. As does food distribution

14. Knowledge Resource Center • Identify food technology experts worldwide (IUFoST) • Identify packaging experts worldwide (WPO) • Compile a list of volunteers with expertise • Promote information exchange between KRC and Post Harvest Institutes and between Institutes at 3 levels: • Volunteer for technologies already developed • Consulting for new applications & adaptive technologies • Paid research through Graduate Fellowships for developing new technologies (country offers ‘loan’ for graduate program which is forgiven if graduate implements program in home country)

15. WIS2H or WISSH Concept • International analogue of Morrill Act • Cooperation of PHI instead of states • International KRC as an Extension Division • Food experts • Packaging experts • Transportation experts • Trade experts • Economists

16. Information Exchange Post-Harvest Institute Country A technology Knowledge Resource Center applications new approach in common successes Post-Harvest Institute Country B research perspective

17. Multiple Beneficial Impacts • Immediate - recovers food (no wait for harvest) • Efficiency/profitability -> sustainability • Reduces duplication and expands technology options • Justify + build infrastructure And to the USA if sponsors this approach • Expands a US invention (Morrill Act) • Reduces number of disenfranchised people • Positive impact on relations • Reduces recruits for terrorists

18. Identify in-country contact Follow food items through specific distribution system Measure & record bulk weights Take samples for moisture assay Instrument loads to record conditions during transit Compile all conditions and losses - both cause and quantity Develop means to reduce losses Publish / disseminate information through seminars and training Repeat for other products & countries In-country Studies(allied program)

19. Remedies to Reduce Food Losses • Handling - Low investment • Processing/Packaging - Medium investment • Storage facilities - Capital investment • Roads, transportation etc. - Infrastructure investment

20. TOTAL Input = $10 Million (over 5 years) TOTAL Output > $3700 Million / year (every year) The Food SecurityBottom Line >

21. Identify food distributions systems for various products and countries transport environment abuse conditions product attributes product losses quality losses Reduce food losses through handling, packaging/processing, storage, infrastructure development. Research for new solutions Global supply for solutions Conclusions for Output

22. Poverty Reduction through Village Food Processing(allied Program) • FAO program, already in 3 countries • Train locals in sanitation/food processing • Supply appropriate equipment • Convert waste food into value-added products • Training extends program; obtains “kit” • Value-adding builds economy/sustainability • Utilizes food recovered from other programs

23. Program Progress • On Target • Appert Reception • World Food Summit:five years later • World Food Congress X, XII, XIII • World/ World Bank Seminar • Off Target • Demonstration of Model • Cost & recovery sound unbelievable • Political will lacking • Government(s) support lacking

24. Graduate Fellowship Program (allied program) Choose promising graduate students from developing country Design the graduate research to solve a particular food security issue for that country Graduate implements solution and builds infrastructure in home country Government of the country sponsors both student & research

25. Multiple Axis Package Monitoring (allied program) Partnership with industry Record distribution environments via: truck, rail, ship, air, donkey, motorbike, other Compare conditions to damage Utilize impact on food losses to justify appropriate packaging & infrastructure investment

26. The BIG Picture - Food Recovery ProgramEstimated Savings PHI Cooperation Program 10 million tons In-Country Studies 2-5 million tons Graduate Fellowship Program 1 million tons Multi-Axis testing 1 million tons Expansion by example 4-8 million tons Total Program18-25 million tons

27. The BIG Picture - Value Recovered ProgramEstimated Savings PHI Cooperation Program $ 3,700,000,000 In-Country Studies $ 930,000,000 Graduate Fellowship Program $ 370,000,000 Multi-Axis testing $ 300,000,000 Expansion by example $ 2,200,000,000 Total Program$ 7,500,000,000

28. Conclusions • Agricultural production alone will not feed the world - protection & distribution needed • Developing world has programs & technologies to reduce food losses and promote efficient food distribution • Food & packaging experts exist around the world • Coordinating institutes and experts will help • Knowledge transfer between countries will help The resources already exist! We propose to just bring them together.

29. From Dr. Malcolm Bourne, Cornell University

30. The Team

31. Investigative Team

32. Dr. Ken Marsh - Coordinator • Director, Global Food Security program, WISSH • First holder of first endowed Chair in Packaging Science in US • 36 years industrial experience • 15 years in International programs • Co-editor, Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology • NAS-IOM subcommittee to develop Emergency Rations

33. GFS Activities of Ken Marsh • 2006, WFC XIII “Can we reduce hunger by 50% in only 9 more years?” • 2003, WFC XII, “Feeding the World – Opportunities Beyond Production” • 2002, WFS:fyl, "Expanding Global Food Supplies without increasing Production?” • 2000, World Bank, “"Expanding Global Food Supplies without increasing Production?" • 1999, WFC X, "Reducing Post-harvest Losses to Enhance Food Security” • 1999, “Fulfilling Appert's Dream: Using Technology to Insure a Secure Food Supply for the World's Population" • Seminars in Croatia, Egypt, Italy, Malaysia, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US, more • Presentations to IFT, IUFoST, IoPP. WPO (KSM is Fellow of IFT & IoPP) on GFS • Consultant for USAID and the United Nations

34. Dr. Bill Shaw - Cultural Exchange • President - Cross Currents International Institute • Coordinated international communications programs for 22 years • Formerly Director, International Affairs Program, Charles F. Kettering Foundation • 40+ years international experience

35. Mike Hammig - Ag Economist • Professor & former Chair, Dept. of Agricultural & Applied Economics, Clemson University • 12 years experience in sustainable crops in Asia, trade, development; $2.5MM in grants • 20 years teaching • Consultant to FAO + USAID on economics + pest control in Indonesia

36. Neil Robson - Trade Specialist • 43 years in packaging • 12 years Director of UNCTAD/WTO ITC • Experience in over 100 countries • Publications on trade, and health, safety, environmental aspects of Packaging • Managed companies in machinery & technology

37. Shadow Person • Host Country National • Participate in team • Report to government • Continue efforts in food security in country • Remain a conduit for information & technology transfer

38. Plus a Global Network of Food, Packaging, and Post-harvest Expertise

39. Support Slides

40. Salaries - 6 professionals + 2 office staff Equipment to record environment, product and distribution conditions Travel and in-country studies Potential supporters: Rockefeller Foundation Kellogg Foundation Carter Center Turner Foundation USDA United Nations Private donations Program Input

41. Quantitative documentation of food losses Procedures to identify losses and conditions Developed local person to continue effort Remedies to reduce food losses at 4 levels Synergies with other countries Knowledge Output

42. Dissemination Output • Implementation training in country • Consulting to follow implementation • Seminars for training to continue process • Publication of Results INCREASED FOOD $200 Million

43. Food Production Physical Spillage Bruising Crushing Harvest & Processing Breakage Harvest loss Trimming Consumable Insects Moulds Bacteria Animals Sprouting & Senescence Chemical Biological Temperature Humidity Oxidation

45. Impact of Cooperative PHI • Sufficient food is produced to feed world • Food recovered has already been expensed • PHI, technology & food already exists • Ag production approach is necessary, but insufficient for MDG • Recovery does not require new farmland • Improved efficiency -> sustainability

46. Information Exchange • KRC offer technical & research advice • PHI offer applications, data & opportunities • PHI share programs with other PHI • Common food product concerns & solutions • Technology applicable elsewhere • Composite data for better world understanding • Other exchanges to help - technical, political, cultural, economic

47. Overall Plan • Identify PHI around the world • Visit & catalogue their projects, commodities, successes and failures • Identify commonalities and opportunities for “appropriate” technology transfer • Promote technology transfer with help of KRC • Publish and promote extension of the above