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Monitoring. Barbara Beijen Utrecht University. Outline. What is monitoring? Examples from environmental directives Lessons to be learnt. Monitoring. Obligation in a directive to carry out a programme to assess environmental quality Goals of monitoring:
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Monitoring Barbara Beijen Utrecht University
Outline • What is monitoring? • Examples from environmental directives • Lessons to be learnt
Monitoring • Obligation in a directive to carry out a programme to assess environmental quality • Goals of monitoring: • Checking compliance with norms from a directive • Adaptiveness • View trends • Compare between Member States
Nitrates Directive • Goal: reducingnitratepollutionfromagricultural sources • Identification of vulnerable zones • Establish action programmes • Monitor nitratepollution • ‘suitableprogrammeto monitor effectiveness of action programme’ • differencesbetween Member States
Water Framework Directive • Goal: protection of waters • River basindistricts • River basin management plans • Environmentalqualitystandards • Monitoring programmes • Adaptive approach
Bathing Water Directive • Goal: safe bathing water • Public health • Detailed parameters for monitoring
Lessonstobelearnt • Detailed / open norms • Possibleconnectionwith health protection • Open norms offer flexibility to Member States, but also more responsibilities • Choicesfor monitoring obligationsdepend on goals of the system