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COMPUTERS: THE MACHINES BEHIND COMPUTING

MIS. COMPUTERS: THE MACHINES BEHIND COMPUTING. CHAPTER 2. Hossein BIDGOLI. 1 laptop per child. Get me the Geeks. Chapter 2 Computers: The Machines Behind Computing. l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s. LO1 Define a computer system and describe its components.

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COMPUTERS: THE MACHINES BEHIND COMPUTING

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  1. MIS COMPUTERS: THE MACHINES BEHIND COMPUTING CHAPTER 2 Hossein BIDGOLI 1 laptop per child Get me the Geeks
  2. Chapter 2 Computers: The Machines Behind Computing l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s LO1Define a computer system and describe its components. LO2Discuss the history of computer hardware and software. LO3Explain the factors distinguishing computing power of computers. LO4Describe the major operations of computers LO5Summarize the binary system and data representation.
  3. Chapter 2 Computers: The Machines Behind Computing l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.) LO6Discuss the types of input, output, and memory devices. LO7Explain how computers are classified. LO8Describe the two major types of software. LO9List the generations of computer languages.
  4. six major roles and goals of IT 1. Increase employee productivity by reducing time, errors and costs using 2. Enhance decision making 3. Improve team collaboration 4. Create business partnerships and alliances 5. Enable global reach all over the world taking into consideration the culture of each nation or society. 6. Facilitate organizational transformation as the organization evolves and responds to the ever-changing marketplace.
  5. Computer Hardware Output Device Monitor Input Device Keyboard Processing Device The System Unit
  6. Exhibit 2.1 The Building Blocks of a Computer
  7. Processing – Mother Board Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) RAM and _________ Secondary Storage Devices (e.g. hard drive) Slots - connecting specialty processors ___________ - connecting input/output devices
  8. Processing – Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) Called the “_________________________”, its role is to perform the operations of the computer using two components: Control Unit – this device interprets instructions and transmits direction to the computer’s components Arithmetic Logic Unit – this device performs math as well as logical operations by interpreting and executing instructions
  9. Processing – Central Processing Unit Moore’s Law (1970s) Dr. Gordon Moore from Intel hypothesized that processing performance would double every 18 months CPU Processing Intel Pentium IV CPU packs 55 million transistors
  10. Table 2.1 Hardware Generators The History of Computer Hardware
  11. The Power of Computers Factors that exceed human capacities: Speed Accuracy Storage and retrieval
  12. Input Devices Input devices Send data and information to computer Types Keyboard Mouse Touch screen Light pen ____________ Data tablet Barcode reader Optical character reader Magnetic ink character recognition system Optical mark recognition system
  13. Output Devices Output devices For mainframes and personal computers Soft copy Monitor Cathode ray tube (CPT), plasma, liquid crystal display (LCD) Hard copy Printer Inkjet, laser Voice
  14. Memory Devices Main memory Stores data and information Volatile Secondary memory ______________________ Holds data when the computer is off or during course of a program's operation Serves as archival storage
  15. Primary Storage This storage is used for temporary storage to support computer processing and comes in RAM and ROM types Random Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM or also called Flash Memory)
  16. Secondary Memory Devices Magnetic disks Made of mylar or metal Used for random-access processing Magnetic tape Made of a plastic material Stores data sequentially ____________ discs Use laser beams to access and store data CD-ROM, WORM, DVD
  17. Secondary Memory Devices (cont'd.) Other secondary memory Hard disk USB flash drive Memory card Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) system Collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance If one disk in the array fails, data isn’t lost
  18. Table 2.4 Capacity of Secondary Memory Devices
  19. Classes of Computers Classify based on: Cost, amount of memory, speed, sophistication
  20. Supercomputers Types of Computers Mainframe Computers Workstations
  21. Types of Computers – Personal Computers Notebook Network Computers Handheld Computer http://www.microsoft.com/uk/windowsmobile/business/videocasestudies.mspx Tablet PChttp://pergatory.mit.edu/robotworld/multimedia/index.html
  22. 1 laptop per child Digital Divide The ______________ _____________ refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and those with very limited or no access at all.
  23. Ubiquitous Computing Also called: Pervasive computing Third wave computing Wearable computers Cell phones Medical devices
  24. Server Platforms: An Overview Server Computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network Types of servers Application Database Disk Fax File Mail Print Remote access (RAS) Web
  25. What is Software? All the programs that run a computer system Classified broadly as: System software Application software
  26. Operating System Software Operating system (OS) Set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software Provides an interface between a computer and the user Increases computer _________________ by helping users share computer resources and performing repetitive tasks for users
  27. Operating System Software (cont'd.) Operating system control programs Job management _______________ allocation Data management Communication Kernel Supervisor program Responsible for controlling all other programs in the OS
  28. Application Software Application software Commercial software or software developed in-house Software types Word processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics Desktop publishing
  29. Google Docs: Applications and Challenges Free Web-based application for creating Word processor documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and forms Create and edit document Collaboration in real time Save in various formats _______ computing (Dropbox) Security risks
  30. The History of Computer Software Computer Language Trends Table 2.2
  31. Computer Languages Machine language 0s and 1s Code written for one type of computer does not work on another Assembly language Higher level than machine but still machine dependent
  32. Computer Languages (cont'd.) High-level languages C++, Java, VB.Net Used for Web development and the Internet Fourth generation languages Easiest to use SQL
  33. Computer Languages (cont'd.) Fifth-generation languages (5GLs) ____________ -based systems Natural language processing (NLP) Visual programming Graphical approach to using programming
  34. Get me the Geeks Summary Components and distinguishing factors of computers Brief history of computer hardware and software Input, output, and memory devices Classifications for computers Different types of software Generations of computer languages
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