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The Human Circulatory System

The Human Circulatory System. Components and Functions. Components of Blood. Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets. Plasma. Makes up 55% of the blood Contains dissolved ions including; Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3 Wastes and nutrients

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The Human Circulatory System

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  1. The Human Circulatory System Components and Functions

  2. Components of Blood • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

  3. Plasma • Makes up 55% of the blood • Contains dissolved ions including; Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3 • Wastes and nutrients • Proteins (antibodies, enzymes, hormones, clot factors) • Water (91% H2O)

  4. Red Blood Cells • Most numerous cells • Shaped like bi-concave discs • Produced in the bone marrow • Mature RBC’s do NOT contain a nucleus • Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in RBC’s that binds to O2 and assist in its transport

  5. RBCs, WBCs & Platelets

  6. White Blood Cells • Larger than RBC’s • Produced in the bone marrow and lymph nodes • Single or multi-nucleated • Necessary to fight pathogens (ie. bacteria, viruses)

  7. Types of White Blood Cells • Phagocytes (engulf foreign pathogens via phagocytosis) -Macrophage -neutrophils -monocytes • Lymphocytes -B cells (produce antibodies) -T cells -T4 helper -Killer T cells

  8. Blood Cell Origin and Differentiation

  9. Platelets • Assist in the clotting process • Fragments, contain no nucleus • Made in bone marrow

  10. Blood Clotting • Clotting involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions • Injury to blood vessel-causes platelets to rupture-initiating clotting reactions. • Prothrombin-Thrombin- • Fibrinogen--Fibrin, which forms a fibrous mesh at the site of the injury. • The mesh traps blood cells, forming a clot

  11. Coagulation Pathway

  12. Transport Vessels • Blood circulates through the human body within closed blood vessels

  13. Arteries • Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body • Thick, muscular walls to withstand blood pressure • Rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arteries produced by the heart is called the pulse.

  14. Capillaries • Smallest branches of arteries • One cell layer thick • They are the site of exchange of materials between the blood and tissues http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDbfkfgc1xk&feature=related

  15. Veins • Blood flows from the capillaries into veins • Veins are thin walled and carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart • Contain valves that prevent backflow of blood due to the low pressure in the veins *Blood flow in the veins is assisted by the contraction of your muscles.

  16. Intercellular Fluid and Lymph • Some of the plasma leaves the capillaries and bathes the cells. This is called Intercellular Fluid (ICF). • Excess ICF is drained into tiny vessels called lymphatic vessels. It is then called lymphatic fluid. • Lymph fluid empties into the large veins that return blood to the heart.

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