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Human Circulatory System

Human Circulatory System. Parsuram Khanal. INTRODUCTION. Figure 1-2(f). the system responsible for circulating blood and lymph throughout the body, that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removes various waste products: it consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph, etc.

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Human Circulatory System

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  1. Human Circulatory System Parsuram Khanal

  2. INTRODUCTION Figure 1-2(f) the system responsible for circulating blood and lymph throughout the body, that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removes various waste products: it consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph, etc. It comprises blood, heart and blood vessels.

  3. FUNCTION OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Transport nutrients, hormones Remove waste products Gaseous exchange Immunity Blood vessels transport blood • Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide • Also carries nutrients and wastes Heart pumps blood through blood vessels

  4. COMPONENTS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD HEART BLOOD VESSELS

  5. BLOOD The Blood: Blood cells & Plasma Blood cells 1- Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells 2- Leucocytes – White Blood Cells 3- Thrombocytes – Platelets Plasma is fluid portion

  6. RED BLOOD CELLS/Erythrocytes • Contain oxygen - carrying protein hemoglobin • Biconcave disc – increases surface area • Strong, flexible plasma membrane • Lack nucleus and other organelles • No mitochondria – doesn’t use oxygen

  7. RED BLOOD CELLS/Erythrocytes (Contd.) • RBC life cycle • Live only about 120 days • Cannot synthesize new components – no nucleus • Ruptured red blood cells removed from circulation and destroyed by fixed phagocytic macrophages in spleen and liver

  8. WHITE BLOOD CELLS / Leucocytes • Have nuclei • Do not contain hemoglobin • Granular or agranular based on staining highlighting large conspicuous granules

  9. FUNCTIONS WHITE BLOOD CELLS • Usually live a few days • Except for lymphocytes – live for months or years • Far less numerous than RBCs • Leukocytosis is a normal protective response to invaders, strenuous exercise, anesthesia and surgery • General function to combat invaders by immune responses

  10. PLATELETS • Disc-shaped with many vesicles but no nucleus • Help stop blood loss by forming platelet plug • Short life span – 5-9 days

  11. HEART Heart is a four chambered, hollow muscular organ approximately the size of your fist Location: • Superior surface of diaphragm • Left of the midline • Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum 11

  12. HEART (Contd.) Figure 18.1 12

  13. FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART Generating blood pressure Routing blood Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations Ensuring one-way blood flow Heart valves ensure one-way flow Regulating blood supply Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs

  14. BLOOD VESSELS Blood Vessels -A closed network of tubes These includes: Arteries Capillaries Veins

  15. BLOOD VESSELS -Arteries(Distributing channel) • Thick walled tubes • Elastic Fibers • Circular Smooth Muscle • Capillaries (microscopic vessels) • One cell thick • Serves the Respiratory System • Veins (draining channel)

  16. BLOOD VESSELS General structure 1.Tunica intima 2.Tunica media 3.Tunica adventitia

  17. ARTERIES Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries. They are the thickest blood vessels and they carry blood high in oxygen known as oxygenated blood (oxygen rich blood).

  18. CAPILLARIES (5-8 micron) The smallest blood vessels are capillaries and they connect the arteries and veins. This is where the exchange of nutrients and gases occurs.

  19. VEINS Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called veins. They have one-way valves which prevent blood from flowing backwards. They carry blood that is high in carbon dioxide known as deoxygenated blood (oxygen poor blood).

  20. BLOOD CIRCULATION • Coronary circulation – the circulation of blood within the heart. • Pulmonary circulation – the flow of blood between the heart and lungs. • Systemic circulation –the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body. • Fetal Circulation

  21. SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION Pulmonary circulation The flow of blood between the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation The flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body. Figure 18.5 Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 22

  22. CORONARY CIRCULATION: ARTERIAL SUPPLY Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 23

  23. BLOOD DONATION • blood donation is to voluntarily accept the withdrawal of one's blood by medical professionals, without asking for financial compensation.

  24. WHO CAN DONATE? • Fit and healthy • Weight over 50kg • Ages between 17 to 66 years • Last donation before 100 days

  25. WHO CAN’T DONATE? • Person taking medicine • Weight less than 50kg • Ages below 17 to and over 66 years • Low and high blood pressure, diabetic patient, cancer patient etc.

  26. BLOOD GROUP • one of the classes (such as those designated A, B, AB, or O) into which individuals or their blood can be separated on the basis of the presence or absence of specific antigens in the blood — called also blood type.

  27. TYPES OF BLOOD GROUP Four types of blood group: • Group A (+ve and –ve) • Group B (+ve and –ve) • Group AB (+ve and –ve) • Group O (+ve and –ve)

  28. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND HEALTH Methods to keep circulatory system healthy: • Regular moderate exercise • Taking healthy foods (should not contain more spices, oil or fat, carbohydrate) • Right time to bed and right time to wake up • Always be happy and positive

  29. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND HEALTH Causes of circulatory diseases: • Not doing regular moderate exercise • Taking unhealthy foods (like oily, fatty and spicy food, junk food) • Irregular bed time / sleeping habit • Being sad and negative

  30. Questions: Define cirulatory system. Write the names of cirulatory organs. What is blood cirulation? Write any two importance of blood cirulation? Define blood. What are types of blood cells? What is blood plasma? What is the shape and size of heart? What is its function? Write the names of chambers of heart What are the names of valves in the heart? Write the location of different valves in the heart. What is the function of valves? Define septun. Write the function of RBC, WBC and platelets. Where do RBC and WBC formed and destroyed? What are the types of blood circulation? Write their names and define them.

  31. Questions (Contd.): What do you mean by blood vessels? What is the function of blood vessels. What are the types of blood vessels? Define them. What is blood donation? What kind of person can donate blood? What kind of person can not donate the blood? What are the types of blood group? Write them. What should be done to keep circulatory system healthy? Write them.

  32. Thank You

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