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Chapter 16: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Chapter 16: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 16-1 Why Is Energy Efficiency an Important Energy Resource?. Concept 16-1 Improving energy efficiency can save the world at least a third of the energy it uses, and it can save the United States up to 43% of the energy it uses.

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Chapter 16: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

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  1. Chapter 16: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

  2. 16-1 Why Is Energy Efficiency an Important Energy Resource? • Concept 16-1 Improving energy efficiency can save the world at least a third of the energy it uses, and it can save the United States up to 43% of the energy it uses.

  3. We Waste Huge Amounts of Energy (1) • Energy efficiency • Advantages of reducing energy waste: • Quick and clean • Usually the cheapest to provide more energy • Reduce pollution and degradation • Slow global warming • Increase economic and national security

  4. We Waste Huge Amounts of Energy (2) • Four widely used devices that waste energy • Incandescent light bulb • Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine • Nuclear power plant • Coal-fired power plant

  5. Flow of Commercial Energy through the U.S. Economy Fig. 16-2, p. 399

  6. Advantages of Reducing Energy Waste Fig. 16-3, p. 399

  7. 16-2 How Can We Cut Energy Waste? • Concept 16-2 We have a variety of technologies for sharply increasing the energy efficiency of industrial operations, motor vehicles, and buildings.

  8. We Can Save Energy and Money in Industry and Utilities (1) • Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) • Two forms of energy from same fuel source • Replace energy-wasting electric motors • Recycling materials • Switch from low-efficiency incandescent lighting to higher-efficiency fluorescent and LED lighting

  9. LEDs Fig. 16-4, p. 401

  10. We Can Save Energy and Money in Industry and Utilities (2) • Electrical grid system: outdated and wasteful • Utility companies switching from promote use of energy to promoting energy efficiency • Spurred by state utility commissions

  11. Case Study: Saving Energy and Money with a Smarter Electrical Grid • Smart grid • Ultra-high-voltage • Super-efficient transmission lines • Digitally controlled • Responds to local changes in demand and supply • Two-way flow of energy and information • Smart meters show consumers how much energy each appliance uses • U.S cost -- $200-$800 billion; save $100 billion/year

  12. Proposed U.S. Smart Grid Figure 20, Supplement 8

  13. We Can Save Energy and Money in Transportation • Corporate average fuel standards (CAFE) standards • Fuel economy standards lower in the U.S. countries • Fuel-efficient cars are on the market • Hidden prices in gasoline: $12/gallon • Car manufacturers and oil companies lobby to prevent laws to raise fuel taxes

  14. Average Fuel Economy of New Vehicles Sold in the U.S. and Other Countries Fig. 16-5, p. 402

  15. More Energy-Efficient Vehicles Are on the Way • Superefficient and ultralight cars • Gasoline-electric hybrid car • Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle • Energy-efficient diesel car • Electric vehicle with a fuel cell

  16. Solutions: A Hybrid-Gasoline-Electric Engine Car and a Plug-in Hybrid Car Fig. 16-6, p. 403

  17. Light-Weight Carbon Composite Concept Car Fig. 16-7, p. 405

  18. Science Focus: The Search for Better Batteries • Current obstacles • Storage capacity • Overheating • Flammability • Cost • In the future • Lithium-ion battery • Viral battery • Ultracapacitor

  19. We Can Design Buildings That Save Energy and Money • Green architecture • Living or green roofs • Superinsulation • U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

  20. A Green Roof in Chicago Fig. 16-8, p. 405

  21. We Can Save Money and Energy in Existing Buildings (1) • Conduct an energy survey • Insulate and plug leaks • Use energy-efficient windows • Stop other heating and cooling losses • Heat houses more efficiently

  22. We Can Save Money and Energy in Existing Buildings (2) • Heat water more efficiently • Use energy-efficient appliances • Use energy-efficient lighting

  23. A Thermogram Shows Heat Loss Fig. 16-9, p. 406

  24. Individuals Matter: Ways in Which You Can Save Money Where You Live Fig. 16-10, p. 407

  25. Why Are We Still Wasting So Much Energy? • Energy remains artificially cheap • Government subsidies • Tax breaks • Prices don’t include true cost • Few large and long-lasting incentives • Tax breaks • Rebates • Low-interest loans

  26. We Can Use Renewable Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity • Renewable energy • Solar energy: direct or indirect • Geothermal energy • Benefits of shifting toward renewable energy • Renewable energy cheaper if we eliminate • Inequitable subsidies • Inaccurate prices • Artificially low pricing of nonrenewable energy

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