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No. 4

No. 4. Word Formation (1). Affixes ( 词缀法 ). 1) A stem is the basic part on which groups of related words are built. An affix [ə'fiks] is a group of letters placed before or after the stem of a word to change its meaning or use.

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No. 4

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  1. No. 4 Word Formation (1)

  2. Affixes (词缀法) • 1) A stem is the basic part on which groups of related words are built. • An affix[ə'fiks] is a group of letters placed before or after the stem of a word to change its meaning or use.

  3. Affixes attached to the beginning of stems are called prefixes ['pri:fiks], and affixes attached to the end of stems are called suffixes['sʌfɪks]. Generally, prefixes change the meaning of a word and suffixes change its part of speech.

  4. Prefixes • Anti:be against”抗, 反” --- art 非正统艺术 ---body抗体 ---cancer 抗癌的 ---war 抗战的 ---pollution 抗污染的，---tank反坦克的

  5. Unhappy, unlike不像 unusual不寻常的unfriendly, unreal虚假的, unconditional无条件的, unjust不公正的,unchanged未改变的, unlock开锁, unearth出土, uncooperative['ʌnkəu'ɔpərətiv]不愿合作的, unpopular不受欢迎的, unfree不自由的，unpleasant不愉快的, undated无限期的,unlikely令人意外的

  6. im-“不”  impossible，improbable 不太可能发生的,未必确实的, improper impure 不纯的 impolite, immoral

  7. dis“否定, 相反, 分离, 离去” dislike厌恶distaste嫌恶 dishonest不诚实的disability无能 disorganize：[dis‘ɔ:gənaiz]解散 discolor使褪色 disable 使残废,disadvantage 不利情况, 缺点disagree 不同意disapprove 不准许,不赞成discomfort 使不舒适,不快

  8. discontent 不满足的discontinue 停止discourage 阻止,使沮丧disclose 揭露 discover 发现,泄露discredit 怀疑, dishonor 耻辱 disinterested [dis'intəristid]漠不关心的display 陈列, 展示displeasure 不满,不悦disquiet 不安,动摇

  9. mis- mistake错误， mistrust不信任, mislead领错路, miscalculate算错 misunderstand：['misʌndə'stænd]误解, miscarry文件误投, misshapen畸形的

  10. non- nonsmoker不抽烟的人， nonproductive非生产性的， nonmetal非金属， non-smoking不可吸烟的，非吸烟的 (no-smoking 不许吸烟), nonfundable不退的, nonessential ：[,nɔni'senʃəl]非本质的, nonmusician 非音乐家

  11. super- superstar, superman, superpower超级大国, supersensitive过度敏感, supranational超国家的[,suprə'næʃənl]

  12. de -下降， 离开， 排除， 否定， 倒转 derail火车出轨 devalue贬值 deforest砍伐森林 deface伤毁 (外表) defame损毁名誉,诽谤 deplane下 detrain下火车 decline拒绝 decrease减少 deform使不成形

  13. inter:between, among interaction 交相影响,交互作用 interchange 交换,交替 international 国际的 interplay 相互影响,交互作用 interpersonal [,intə'pə:sənl]人与人之间的; intercollegiate [,intəkə'li:dʒiit] adj.学院间的

  14. Post:after, behind 在后 • postdate v. [日期迟填], • postgraduate n.[研究生], • postpone 延期,延搁 • postwar 战后的 • postmodifier 后置修饰语

  15. Re:back, again 反向,再次 rewrite改写,重写 rebuild重建 revisit重游rearrange重新安排 recall，recollect忆起 restore恢复,重建 resume重拾,重开始 reunion 聚会,重聚 review 细察,观察recite背诵,详述 recover恢复; 使痊愈,reform改革,改造, renew再始,恢复,更新refresh使恢复精神

  16. Tri- “three”, triangle：['traiæŋgl]三角形; tricycle 三轮车; tri color ; tri o 三重唱/奏; tri pod 三脚架 trimonthly. 每三个月的; triweekly.一星期三次的

  17. suffixes: -er “人”: teacher, player, cleaner, driver, runner, winner, traveller， painter，partner， frontier：['frʌntjə]前线

  18. Fill in some letters.(in groups) (3)or, (4)or, (5)or (6)or (7)or, (8)or

  19. Reference answers actor 演员, factor 因素, auditor 审核员 inventor collector, instructor

  20. adj.+ly→adv. Fill in 5 letters. ( )ly ( )ly ( )ly ( )ly ( )ly ( )ly ( )ly

  21. Reference Answers: adj.+ly→adv.Fill in 5 letters. quickly usually quietly happily luckily noisily angrily

  22. 特例：true/trulyterrible/terribly possible/possiblyn. + ly →adj. monthly friendly weekly manly deadly lonely

  23. -ful（形容词后缀）careful,helpful,useful, forgetful,skillful, beautiful n. + y →adj. rainy, lucky, cloudy,noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）, snowy,sunny（双写，加-y）, windy, rainy, rosy, sleepy

  24. -tion:Give their verbs educate, introduce, produce, invent, operate, compete, inform

  25. Keys educate-education, introduce-introduction, produce-production, invent-invention, operate-operation, compete-competition, inform- information

  26. *-some: troublesome, lonesome：['ləunsəm]寂寞的;, handsome *-ward : downward, seaward, forward, eastward

  27. -ous simultaneous：[,saiməl'teinjəs]同时发生的, spontaneous：[spɔn'teiniəs]自发的, righteous['raitʃəs]正直的, gaseous['geiziəs]气体的, anxious焦急的, curious好奇的, dangerous 危险的, glorious光荣的

  28. *-able: readable：['ri:dəbl]易读的 lovable：['lʌvəbl]讨人喜欢的knowable['nəuəbl]可知的;能认知的 inflammable[in‘flæməbl]可燃的;易燃的 *-al : personal, national, environmental, international, formal

  29. -ic: atomic：[ə'tɔmik], historic, artistic,realistic,dramatic,romantic * -ish:childish,reddish,English • * - ist: socialist, nationalist民族主义者, scientist, artist,

  30. - less : homeless, useless, careless • * - like : childlike \ manlike • * mate: playmate,deskmate, classmate, schoolmate, roommate, teammate队友, workmate

  31. adj.+en→v. wide/widen['waidn] short/shorten stiff/stiffen deep/deepen weak/weaken red/redden strength/strengthen

  32. Thank You.

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