AGRICULTURAL CHANGES IN THE SOUTH (1790–1860)

1. Chapter 14 AGRICULTURAL CHANGESIN THE SOUTH (1790–1860) Section 1: The Growth of Cotton Section 2: The Southern Economy Section 3: Southern Society Section 4: The Slave System

2. Section 1: The Growth of Cotton OBJECTIVES • What happened to agriculture and slavery in the South immediately after the American Revolution? • What effect did the cotton gin have on the South and slavery? • How did the cotton boom affect the South’s economy?

3. Section 1: The Growth of Cotton Agriculture declined following the American Revolution leading to: • a fall in production and prices • the end of slavery

4. Section 1: The Growth of Cotton Effects of Cotton Gin on the South and Slavery • revolutionized the cotton industry and increased Southern agriculture • led to greater use of slave labor

5. Section 1: The Growth of Cotton Southern Economy The Southern economy improved as cotton became a major cash crop.

6. Section 2: The Southern Economy OBJECTIVES • How did trade affect the southern economy? • Why were crops other than cotton important to the southern economy? • What kinds of factories were located in the South?

7. Section 2: The Southern Economy Effect of Trade on Southern Economy Trade and economy in the South improved and led to the growth of major port cities.

8. Section 2: The Southern Economy Other Crops Other crops important to the southern economy were corn, rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, wheat, tobacco, hemp, and flax.

9. Section 2: The Southern Economy Factories in the South • rope industries • lumber industries • steam-powered sawmill • factories to process crops, such as the sugar-processing factory • iron works factory

10. Section 3: Southern Society OBJECTIVES • What was life like for southern planters and owners of small farms? • What was the urban South like? • What challenges did free African Americans face in the South?

11. Section 3: Southern Society Life for Planters and Farmers Life for planters and farmers centered around religion, farming, and varied according to social class.

12. Section 3: Southern Society The Southern Cities • built water systems and streets • offered public education • depended on slave labor

13. Section 3: Southern Society Discrimination Free Africans in the South faced discrimination and limited rights. discrimination – difference in attitude or treatment

14. Section 4: The Slave System OBJECTIVES • What were work and daily life like for most slaves? • How did slaves’ family, religion, and other aspects of their culture help them cope with the slave system? • How did enslaved African Americans challenge the slave system?

15. Section 4: The Slave System Slaves faced: • hard labor and long hours • harsh living conditions

16. Section 4: The Slave System Slave culture helped them cope with the slavery system by reminding them of their heritage. They formed strong ties through: • family • folktales – oral stories that often provide a moral lesson • spirituals – emotional Christian songs sung by slaves in the South that mixed African and European elements and usually expressed slaves’ religious beliefs

17. Section 4: The Slave System Challenging Slavery • slaves worked slower • slaves revolted