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The American Civil War 1860 – 1865

The American Civil War 1860 – 1865. Growing Regional Differences (1820 – 1860). Sectionalism = N/ S Factory vs. Farms Immigration in the North Railroads vs. Waterways Free vs. Slave $1.5 B North vs. $155 M South GNP. The Compromise of 1850.

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The American Civil War 1860 – 1865

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  1. The American Civil War1860 – 1865

  2. Growing Regional Differences(1820 – 1860) • Sectionalism = N/ S • Factory vs. Farms • Immigration in the North • Railroads vs. Waterways • Free vs. Slave • $1.5 B North vs. $155 M South GNP

  3. The Compromise of 1850 • The Mexican War of 1846-48 increased the size of the U.S. (Balance of Power) Henry Clay (KY) proposed: • CA be admitted as a free state • NM and UT would vote on slavery • Slave trade abolished in capital • Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

  4. Bleeding Kansas! (1854 – 1856) • Kansas-Nebraska Act(1854) opened NW territories to slavery • Free-soilers and Border Ruffians vied for control • Abolitionist John Brown kills 5 pro slavers in KS • Violence spreads to the Senate floor as Senator Charles Sumner is caned

  5. The Road to Disunion • Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Republican Party (1854) • Dred Scott Decision (1854) • John Brown hanged for attack on Harpers Ferry (1859)

  6. The Election of 1860 • Democratic Party Split N and S over territories & slavery • Douglas (popular sovereignty), Bell (TN), & Breckenridge (KY) • A. Lincoln (R) wins with 40% of popular vote (carries no S state!)

  7. Secession!South Carolina leaves on Dec. 20, 1860 and 6 others follow to CSA by 1861.

  8. Southern War Strategy • After Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861) 4 more states joined the CSA. • The CSA Generals and President Davis planned a defensive war. • CSA hoped Europe would aid and had better leadership. • Lincoln hoped to preserve the Union.

  9. Northern War Strategy • The Union developed a strategy called the Anaconda Plan. They hoped to: • Blockade all Southern Ports • Control the Mississippi River and divide the CSA in half • Capture and occupy the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA

  10. General R. E. Lee forces Stalemate in the East • 1st Bull Run,VA (7/1861) • Antietam (9/ 1862) • Fredericksburg, VA (12/1862) • Chancelorsville, VA (5/1863) – CSA Gen.“Stonewall” Jackson dead

  11. The Emancipation Proclamation • Issued Fall 1862 and effective Jan. 1, 1863 • Freed all slaves in areas of the U.S. still under CSA control • Battle of Antietam (Sept. 1862) • Only good if Union won war

  12. 1863: The Turning Point • July 1-3, 1863 – Lee leads Army of N.VA North to PA • 23,000 Union and 28,000 CSA casualties at Gettysburg, PA • July 4, 1863 – Gen. U.S. Grant takes Vicksburg on Mississippi River • The Tide Turned to Union

  13. Sherman’s March to the Sea and Total Warfare • Sept. 2, 1864 – Gen. Sherman captures Atlanta, GA • Marches to Savannah, GA – 300 mile-long and 50 mile-wide swath of destruction • Turns north in Dec. 1864 to meet Grant • Civilians and slaves suffer immensely

  14. Lee Surrenders! April 9, 1865 • Richmond, the CSA capital, was in ruins • President Davis and officials fled from Grant • Appomattox, VA • 640,047 Union and 483,026 CSA casualties of war

  15. Lincoln is Assassinated! • John Wilkes Booth, an actor, plotted to kidnap Lincoln and others • April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre he shoots Lincoln • Booth is later killed near Port Royal, VA • 4/10 co-conspirators were hanged

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