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Chapter 34: Postwar Jazz

Chapter 34: Postwar Jazz. Bebop. Emerged shortly after World War II Complex, hard-driving jazz Played without musical notation Name derived from the snappy sounds of the melody Bebop ensemble typically consists of a quintet of trumpet, saxophone, piano, double bass, and drums

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Chapter 34: Postwar Jazz

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  1. Chapter 34: Postwar Jazz

  2. Bebop • Emerged shortly after World War II • Complex, hard-driving jazz • Played without musical notation • Name derived from the snappy sounds of the melody • Bebop ensemble typically consists of a quintet of trumpet, saxophone, piano, double bass, and drums • Improvisation instead of composition • “Jammed” in small, elite groups • Charlie Parker (1920-1955) • Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993)

  3. Charlie “Bird” Parker (1920-1955) • Perhaps the most gifted bebop artist • A tragic figure: a drug addicted, alcoholic, antisocial man whose skills as an improviser and performer were at the highest level • Standard: A tune so influential that it inspires other musicians to record their own interpretations of it • Cover: A new version of a standard • “Salt Peanuts” • Standard created by Parker and Gillespie • Frenetic pace, complex melodic lines, and focus on improvisation

  4. Cool Jazz • Style emerged in the 1950’s • Softer, relaxed, and less frenzied than bebop • Emphasis on lyricism, lower instrumental registers, moderate tempos, and quieter dynamic levels • Gerry Mulligan (1927) and Dave Brubeck (b. 1920) • Miles Davis (1926-1991) • Album Birth of the Cool • Group of 9 players • Tuba and French horn added • “Jeru”

  5. Fusion and Beyond • Fusion: Jazz-rock style • 1960’s: Miles Davis released two albums that incorporated rock elements • Current Jazz performers: • Singer-pianist Diana Krall • Trumpeter Chris Botti • Saxophonist Boney James • Trumpeter and composer Wynton Marsalis

  6. Wynton Marsalis (b. 1961): Spokesperson for Jazz Today • New Orleans native • From family of jazz musicians: • Father pianist Ellis Marsalis • Brother saxophonist Branford Marsalis • Studied classical repertoire at Juilliard School • Only person to win Grammys for classical and jazz performance • Known as spokesperson of jazz today • Jazz oratorio Blood in the Fields won the 1997 Pulitzer Prize • Since 2006: Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center (NY)

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