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Key Question 1: How were the borders of the nation defined by 1853?

Theme 4: America and the World 1754–2010. Key Question 1: How were the borders of the nation defined by 1853?. French and Indian War. France (with native help) vs. Great Britain British Generals George Washington and William Pitt French Commander Marquis de Montcalm

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Key Question 1: How were the borders of the nation defined by 1853?

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  1. Theme 4: America and the World 1754–2010 Key Question 1: How were the borders of the nation defined by 1853?

  2. French and Indian War • France (with native help) vs. Great Britain • British Generals George Washington and William Pitt • French Commander Marquis de Montcalm • Fighting over the Ohio River Valley • Natives gave French the clear advantage • Knowledge of land

  3. Outcome of war Britain would finally gain victory after a 9 year war. Gained land from the Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River.

  4. US Frustration Sugar Act Stamp Act Intolerable Acts Boston Tea Party Boston Massacre

  5. Lexington and Concord • Minutemen – civilian soldiers • Paul Revere’s ride – “The British are coming”

  6. War Heats Up • Olive Branch Petition – hope for peace • George Washington – General of Continental Army

  7. Major Battles • New York – Brittan puts together Army of 32,000 • Battle of Trenton – Washington crosses the Delaware river – sneak attack

  8. Battle of Saratoga • British try to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies • Take too much stuff with them • Patriots defeat British • Guerilla Warfare, killing officers • British stay away from interior and stick to the coast

  9. Valley Forge • Ice cold winter camp 1777 • Food runs low • British in warm homes • French come to help Patriots • Much needed, Navy

  10. British Victories • British overtakes most of the southern colonies • General Charles Cornwallis • Help from slaves

  11. American Victory • Patriots slowly wear down British numbers • Big help from the French • Treaty of Paris – Cornwallis surrenders • 1783 • US gains land from Atlantic to Mississippi

  12. Presidency of Thomas Jefferson • Elected in 1800 • Average guy – simplified presidency • Louisiana Purchase – from France • $18 per square mile • Doubles size of U.S. • Lewis and Clark • Explore the west, find a northwest passage • Sacagawea

  13. War of 1812 • Causes: War between Britain and France, Tecumseh’s Native American Confederacy • President Jefferson ordered an embargo on British goods • Ban on exporting to a specific country • Blockade – seal up ports, by the British in America

  14. War of 1812 Continued • War in Canada • War at sea to break the blockade • British burn Washington D.C. • White House • Treaty of Ghent • Created Canadian border at 49th parallel • Dual ownership of Oregon

  15. • Settlement of the border with Canada: • 1818-border with Canada as 49th parallel • 1842-settled dispute between Maine and New Brunswick and boundary involving Great Lakes • Webster-Ashburton Treaty • 1846-Oregon Treaty-settled dispute over Oregon Territory at 49th parallel Land treaties

  16. Americans moved to FL and started a rebellion • Gen. Jackson fought Seminoles and invades FL • Treaty of 1819 • US Gains FL • Pays $5 million for damages to Spain • Define Western limits of Louisiana Purchase • Spain gives up claims to Pacific Northwest • US recognizes Spanish authority over TX The acquisition of Florida 1819

  17. Texas • Mexico gained independence from Spain-1821 • Opened up Texas for American settlement • Empresarios – recruited people to come • Stephen F. Austin • Austin desired Texas self-governance • Met with Mexican Pres. Santa Anna • Austin imprisoned • Texas revolts

  18. Remember the…. • Alamo – San Antonio, TX • 4,000 Mexicans vs. 187 Texas rebels • Jim Bowie, Davie Crockett – All rebels killed • Goliad – 300 rebels killed • San Jacinto – 630 Mexicans killed in minutes • Sam Houston – “Remember the Alamo” • Texas Independence – 1836 • Texas became a state in 1845

  19. Edge of War • Mexico furious about Texas • US Pres. James Polk • Negotiations to buy CA, NM, AZ failed • Zachary Taylor ordered to march on the Rio Grande

  20. War with Mexico • Shots fired at Rio Grande kill 9 Americans • War begins • Stephen Kearney took NM without firing a shot • Quick victory in CA – Bear Flag Republic • Thousands of troops invade Mexico • Took Mexico City on Sept. 14, 1847

  21. Resolution of War • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, WY • $15 million • Gadsden Purchase - $10 million • Southern AZ, Yuma

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