PARTS OF SPEECH

1. PARTS OF SPEECH "There is no education like adversity." Disraeli, Endymion

2. In the English language . . . • There are nine parts of speech . . . • Nouns • Verbs • Pronouns • Adjectives • Adverbs • Conjunctions • Articles • Prepositions • Interjections It isimportant to understand that every word in a sentence has a job to do, a role in the sentence.

3. Noun:person, place,thing or quality • Person: Mr. Garcia likes to eat spinach. • Place: Mission is an old town. • Thing: To cook you need a couple of pots. • Quality: Honesty is a great value to possess.

4. Verb: shows action or state of being • Action: He ran through the forest. • State of being: He was sad that particular morning. • Being verbs: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, had, have, has

5. Pronoun: takes the place of a noun • Guillermo was studying for the mid-term exam when he realized that it was three o’clock in the morning. • (There are actually many types of pronouns: personal, interrogative,demonstrative, indefinite, relative, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal)

6. Pronoun Case • Case refers to the function that word is performing in the sentence. For pronouns there are two cases, objective and subjective. • These cases refer to the subject of a sentence versus the object of the sentence. When a pronoun replaces a noun, the pronoun must match that noun’s case.

7. Adjective: describes a noun • The beautiful woman only wanted a couple of pairs of shoes. • The rainy day made us even sadder.

8. Adverb: describes a verb, adjective or another adverb • The little girl walked happily through the park. • The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.

9. Conjunctions: words that join words, phrases or sentences • Manuel and Marisol loved to cook. • You will go to school, or you will fail. • I am happy because I just received my check. • It has been cloudy since the morning.

10. Article: There are only three articles--the, a , an(Actually, articles are adjectives and not a different part of speech) • The bicycle was not only red but shiny. • A yellow moon always appears in October. • An excellent student, Armando passed all his exams.

11. Interjections: expressive words • Wow! You knocked that ball out of the park. • Oh, you really need to take care of yourself. • Huh, what did you say? • Ah, now I understand the problem.

12. Preposition: A word or phrase that shows the relationship between the noun that it takes as an object and some other word in the sentence. • The cat was on the table. • The dog was under the table. • These are some common prepositions: • For on to up • at under above toward • With between in behind • From upon into off

13. Kinds of Prepositions: @ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which consists only one word. e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc.., @ Compound prepositions: Prepositions which consists of two or more words. e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of etc..,

14. Kinds of Prepositions • There are three types of prepositions • Place of Prepositions • Time of Prepositions • Direction of Prepositions

15. Prepositions of Place • Some prepositions show where something happens. They are called prepositions of place. • Examples:- • Sanny was sittingundera tree. • There’s a wooden floor underneaththe carpet. • Some geese flew overtheir house. • John and Sarah were hiding insidethe wardrobe. • There was a tree beside the river. • I have a friend who lives inAmerica.

16. Special Rules for Prepositions of Place In a country, area, state, city or neighborhood On the surface of a street or block At a specific address or intersection of two streets

17. Prepositions of Time • Some prepositions show when something happens. They are called prepositions of time. • Examples:- • School startsatnine o’clock. • We’re going to the zoo onSaturday. • No, you can’t watch a video. It’spast your bedtime already. • I visited my grandparents during the summer. • You must finish the work by Friday. • I’ll do my homework before dinner.

18. Specific Rules for Prepositions of Time At, by or until a specific time In a specific time period (year, month, decade…etc.) For a duration of time Since a starting date or time On a specific day or date During a continuing time period

19. Prepositions of Direction • Some prepositions show where something is going. They are called prepositions of direction. • Examples:- • The boys chased after each other. • The football rolled down the hill. • A man was walking his dog along the riverbank. • The freeway goes right through the city. • We were travelling towards Miami.

20. Special Rules for Prepositions of Direction In(to) and out of for small vehicles like cars and chairs with arms On and Off (of) for large vehicles (mass transit) and armless chairs or any long seat.

21. Other Special Rules Between two, among three or more From a starting point, to a destination Towards a place, in the direction of Into (entering) a place In (inside) a place On a surface Off a surface

22. TRY THIS: 1. A cat was sitting _______the roof of my car. (place) 2. Some people were talking ___the movie. (time) 3. A man was coming____ us on his bike. (direction) 4. The party starts_____ six o’clock. (time) 5. She put the book ____her bag. (place) 6. We walked____ the street to the park. (place) 7. She keeps her slippers____ her bed. (place) 8. We always wash our hands ____meals. (time) 9. She ran ____the dog because she was frightened. (direction)

23. Identify each word in the following sentence The beautiful queen was walking slowly on the cool lawn, and she was reading a long book about knights and kings which she enjoyed. Check next slide for answers! 23

24. The beautiful queen was walking slowly article adjective noun verb verb adverb on the cool lawn, and she was reading a preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb verb article long book about knights and kings which adjective noun preposition noun conjunction noun preposition she enjoyed. Pronoun verb 24

25. Assignment: Identify parts of speech 1. The queen knew that she would be the only pretty woman at the party.2. The king did not know if he was going to make the cake, and he was afraid to tell the queen. 3. The thin waitress told the customers that they desperately needed to go on a diet. 4. I ran many miles every day, and I couldn’t lose a pound.5. This quiz was a piece of cake. 25