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Organic Crop Pest Management

Organic Crop Pest Management. Rick Foster, Dept. of Entomology Dan Egel, SW Purdue Ag Program Liz Maynard, NW Commercial Hort. Program, Dept. of Horticulture and LA Purdue University presented at Beginning Organic Farming Program Feb. 1, 2006. Organic Insect Management. Rick Foster

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Organic Crop Pest Management

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  1. Organic Crop Pest Management Rick Foster, Dept. of Entomology Dan Egel, SW Purdue Ag Program Liz Maynard, NW Commercial Hort. Program, Dept. of Horticulture and LA Purdue University presented at Beginning Organic Farming Program Feb. 1, 2006

  2. Organic Insect Management Rick Foster Purdue University

  3. Organic Insect Management • Principles are the same as conventional IPM (Integrated Pest Management) program • Only difference is that some options are not available

  4. IPM Principles • IPM is a system in which a combination of methods is used to maintain pest populations at low levels while allowing for profitable production with minimal adverse effects on the environment

  5. Key Points • Combination of methods • Profitable • Minimal environmental (broadly defined) impacts

  6. IPM Techniques • Cultural practices • Host plant resistance • Biological control • Chemical control

  7. Cultural Control • Tillage/cover crops • Crop refuse destruction • Time of planting • Crop rotation • Row covers • Irrigation

  8. Host Plant Resistance • No GMO plants • Tolerance • Antibiosis • Nonpreference • Trap crops

  9. Biological Control • Conservation of existing natural enemies • Importation and colonization • Mass culture and periodic release • Biological insecticides – bacteria and viruses

  10. Chemical Control • No synthetic insecticides • Synthetic pheromones are allowed

  11. 7 Steps to Successful Insect Management • Avoid the problem • Correct identification • Understand pest and crop dynamics • Monitoring • Application of economic thresholds • Control actions • Evaluation

  12. Diseases- Dan Egel, SW Purdue Ag Center

  13. Disease Management • Use disease-resistant cultivars whenever possible. • Keep foliage dry and encourage air circulation to prevent disease attack. • Practice good sanitation. • Rotate when possible to avoid buildup of soil-borne diseases and pests. • Water as needed/don’t overdo. • Maintain good fertility.

  14. Tomato Early Blight

  15. Tomato early blight-residue borne • Fall tillage will help in control. • Disease is not seedborne • Use at lest 3 to 4 year rotation. • Partially resistant plants will have less disease • than other varieties.

  16. Pumpkin Virus

  17. Pumpkin virus disease-aphid transmitted • Fall tillage is not effective. • Disease is not seedborne • Rotation is not useful. • No resistance available. • Plant early (June 20); fruit set will occur before • virus is severe (cultural control).

  18. Watermelon Fusarium Wilt

  19. Fusarium wilt of watermelon-soilborne • Fall tillage will help. • Saving seed from a diseased plant could result in • disease next year. • Long rotations are necessary since fungus survives • in the soil as well as in the residue. • Partial resistance is available.

  20. Allowed Fungicides • Apply before disease appears • Soaps/Oils • Baking Soda (see ATTRA) • Biofungicides e.g.AQ10 for powdery mildew, Serenade for several fungal diseases. • Inorganic chemicals e.g. sulfur, lime-sulfur, copper, Bordeaux mix • Can harm beneficials, potential phytotoxicity

  21. www.omri.org

  22. www.attra.org

  23. www.ces.purdue.edu/new/

  24. Weed Management NOP Standards • Prevention • Control: cultivate,mulch, flame, mow, graze • IF above are not enough, may apply • Biological or botanical materials • Allowed synthetic materials • Must document conditions for use

  25. Prevention • Crop rotation, soil management • Sanitation • Cultural practices

  26. Winter rye cover suppresses weed growth in fall and spring

  27. Sorghum sudangrass is a vigorous summer cover crop. Buckwheat reduces weed growth and flowering

  28. Prevention - Cultural Practices • Increase crop competitive ability

  29. Weed Control Methods • Cultivation and handweeding • Mulch • Heat: flame, electricity, etc. • Mowing • Grazing

  30. Soil tilth Equipment Skill Experience Cultivation and Handweeding

  31. Cultivating Equipment • Rotary hoe • Flex tine weeder (e.g. Lely) • Basket weeder • Finger weeder • Bezzerides tools (spyders, spring hoes, torsion weeders) • Rolling cultivator • Sweeps, shovels, discs

  32. Biodegradable Synthetic Mulch cover crop residue paper (check composition) straw plastic

  33. Flaming is often used to kill weeds in a stale seedbed before planting salad greens

  34. Mowing or Grazing

  35. Biological or Botanical* Substances ex. Vinegar, Clove oil, Thyme oil note: Pesticide Regulations Apply! *Or allowed synthetic substances

  36. Weed ManagementLong Term Strategy Do everything possible to reduce number of seeds in the soil! seedlings seeds in soil vegetative plants seeds on soil surface seed-producing plants

  37. Cultivation, flaming, handweeding • Use competitive cash crops and cover or smother crops • Vary timing of tillage and cultivation • Promote biological activity

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